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CDC STAR-100
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{{Short description|1974 supercomputer}} {{Infobox supercomputer | name = CDC STAR-100 | image = CDC_STAR-100_-_8MB_and_4MB_versions.png | caption = Two CDC STAR-100, in 8 MB version (forefront) and 4 MB version (background) | manufacturer = [[Control Data Corporation]] | designer = [[James E. Thornton|Jim Thornton]] | release date = {{Start date|1974}}<ref name="CERN">[http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/10/462/10462027.pdf LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978]</ref> | dimensions = '''Full computer approx:'''<br />Height: {{convert|212|cm|in|abbr=on}}<br />Length: {{convert|745|cm|in|abbr=on}}<br />'''Internal sections:'''<ref name="Atlas"/><br /> Height: {{convert|76|in|cm|abbr=on}}<br />Width: {{convert|28.5|in|cm|abbr=on}}<br />Depth: {{convert|30|in|cm|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|2200|lb|kg}} | power = 250 [[Kilowatt|kW]] | voltage = 208 V 400 Hz<ref name="Atlas"/> | os = HELIOS <ref name="Atlas">[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/minutes/srcaccmtgs/star100.htm#c2p2 A Proposal to the Atlas Computer Laboratory for a STAR Computer System, Michael Baylis, Control Data, April 1972]</ref> | cpu = [[64-bit]] [[Processor (computing)|processor]] | frequency = 25 [[Megahertz|MHz]]<ref name="CERN"/> | memory = Up to 8 [[megabytes]] (4 * 4 * 64K x 64 bits) <ref name="Star100HW">[http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_200/60256000_STAR-100hw_Dec75.pdf Star-100 Hardware Reference Manual]</ref> | storage = - | mips = 1 MIPS ([[Scalar_processor|Scalar]])<ref name="whetstone">[http://www.roylongbottom.org.uk/whetstone.htm#anchorMore Whetstone Benchmark History and Results]</ref><ref name="Atlas"/> | flops = 100 MFLOPS ([[Vector processor|Vector]])<ref name="CERN"/> | successor = [[CDC Cyber 200]] | predecessor = - }} The '''CDC STAR-100''' is a vector [[supercomputer]] that was designed, manufactured, and marketed by [[Control Data Corporation]] (CDC). It was one of the first machines to use a [[vector processor]] to improve performance on appropriate scientific applications. It was also the first supercomputer to use [[integrated circuit]]s and the first to be equipped with one million [[Word (computer architecture)|words]] of [[computer memory]].<ref name="Mackenzie1998"/> STAR is a [[Blend word|blend]] of '''''ST'''rings'' (of binary digits) and '''''AR'''rays.''<ref name=ring.ray>{{cite conference |author=C. J. Purcell |date=1974 |title=The Control Data STAR-100 - Performance measurements |book-title=AFIPS 1974 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge |page=385 |doi=10.1109/AFIPS.1974.113 |s2cid=43509695 }}</ref> The 100 alludes to the nominal peak processing speed of '''100''' million floating point operations per second ([[MFLOPS]]);<ref name="Mackenzie1998"/> the earlier [[CDC 7600]] provided peak performance of 36 MFLOPS but more typically ran at around 10 MFLOPS. The design was part of a bid made to [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) in the mid-1960s.<ref name="Mackenzie1998"/> Livermore was looking for a partner who would build a much faster machine on their own budget and then lease the resulting design to the lab. It was announced publicly in the early 1970s, and on 17 August 1971, CDC announced that [[General Motors]] had placed the first commercial order for it. A number of basic design features of the machine meant that its real-world performance was much lower than expected when first used commercially in 1974, and was one of the primary reasons CDC was pushed from its former dominance in the supercomputer market when the [[Cray-1]] was announced in 1975. Only three STAR-100 systems were delivered, two to LLNL and another to [[NASA Langley Research Center]].
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