Editing CERN (section)

{{Short description|European research centre in Switzerland}}
{{Other uses|Cern (disambiguation)}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| native name              = {{lang|fr|Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire}}
| native_name_lang         = fr
| logo                     = [[File:CERN logo.svg|160px]]
| image                    = CERN-aerial 1.jpg
| caption                  = CERN's main site in [[Meyrin]], Switzerland, looking towards the French border
| map                      = CERN member states.svg
| formation                = {{start date and age|df=yes|1954|9|29}}<ref name="Gillies2018">{{cite book|author=James Gillies|title=CERN and the Higgs Boson: The Global Quest for the Building Blocks of Reality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0etmDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=Icon Books Ltd.|isbn=978-1-78578-393-7}}</ref>
| headquarters             = [[Meyrin]], Geneva, Switzerland<br />{{Coord|46|14|03|N|6|03|10|E|region:CH-GE_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| leader_title             = Council President
| leader_name              = [[Eliezer Rabinovici]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. Eliezer Rabinovici is the new president of the CERN Council|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/prof-eliezer-rabinovici-is-the-new-president-of-the-cern-council-680229|website=Jerusalem Post |access-date=1 November 2021|date=25 September 2021}}</ref>
| leader_title2            = [[List of directors general of CERN|Director-General]]
| leader_name2             = [[Fabiola Gianotti]]
| name                     = European Organization for Nuclear Research
| mcaption                 = States with full CERN membership
| membership               = {{Collapsible list
| title = Full members (24):
| {{flag|Austria}}
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| {{flag|Denmark}}
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| {{flag|Finland}}
| {{flag|France}}
| {{flag|Germany}}
| {{flag|Greece}}
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{flag|Italy}}
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| {{flag|Norway}}
| {{flag|Poland}}
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| {{flag|Romania}}
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| {{flag|Slovakia}}
| {{flag|Spain}}
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
}}{{Collapsible list
| title = Associate members (10):
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| {{flag|Croatia}}
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
| {{flag|India}}
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| {{flag|Lithuania}}
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| {{flag|Slovenia}}
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
}}
| languages                = [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]]
| budget                   = 1405m [[Swiss franc|CHF]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Final Budget of the Organization for the sixty-eighth financial year 2022 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2799091/files/English.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://cds.cern.ch/record/2799091/files/English.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |website=CERN |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
| budget_year              = 2022
| website                  = {{ofurl}}
}}

The '''European Organization for Nuclear Research''',<!-- The official name contains organization/organisation, NOT council/conseil (the latter is in the outdated acronym CERN, which was nevertheless retained by the organization). You can read the history section or the relevant part of this article for more insight. --> known as '''CERN'''<!-- The acronym is explained on CERN's website: https://home.cern/about --> ({{IPAc-en|s|ɜːr|n}}; {{IPA|fr|sɛʁn}}; {{lang|fr|Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire}}), is an [[intergovernmental organization]] that operates the largest [[particle physics]] laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in [[Meyrin]], western suburb of [[Geneva]], on the [[France–Switzerland border]]. It comprises [[#Member states and budget|24 member states]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=Governance |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2723123 |journal=CERN Annual Report |language=en |publisher=CERN |volume=2019 |pages=50 |doi=10.17181/ANNUALREPORT2019 |author1=CERN}}</ref> Israel, admitted in 2013, is the only full member geographically out of Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/55869|title=CERN to admit Israel as first new member state since 1999 – CERN Courier|website=cerncourier.com|date=22 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CERN accepts Israel as full member |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/cern-accepts-israel-as-full-member/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=12 December 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref> CERN is an official [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Intergovernmental organizations|United Nations General Assembly observer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/intergovernmental-and-other-organizations|title=Intergovernmental Organizations|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>

The acronym CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory; in 2023, it had 2,666 scientific, technical, and administrative staff members, and hosted about 12,370 users from institutions in more than 80 countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2024|title=CERN in figures|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2897082/files/CERNAnnualReport_2023_EN_online.pdf|journal=CERN Annual Report|language=en|publisher=CERN|volume=2023|pages=56|doi=10.17181/ANNUALREPORT2023|author1=CERN}}</ref> In 2016, CERN generated 49 [[Byte#Multiple-byte units|petabytes]] of data.<ref>{{Cite book|year=2017|chapter=Discovery machines|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2270805|title=CERN Annual report 2016|series=Annual Report of the European Organization for Nuclear Research|language=en|publisher=CERN|volume=2016|pages=20–29|chapter-url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2270811?ln=en}}</ref>

CERN's main function is to provide the [[particle accelerator]]s and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – consequently, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. CERN is the site of the [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC), the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Large Hadron Collider|url=https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider|access-date=2021-05-29|website=CERN|language=en}}</ref> The main site at [[Meyrin]] hosts a large computing facility, which is primarily used to store and analyze data from experiments, as well as simulate [[event (particle physics)|events]]. As researchers require remote access to these facilities, the lab has historically been a major [[wide area network]] hub. CERN is also the birthplace of the [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{cite book
 |first       = Stephanie Sammartino
 |last        = McPherson
 |title       = Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web
 |url         = https://archive.org/details/timbernerslee0000mcph
 |url-access  = registration
 |year        = 2009
 |publisher   = Twenty-First Century Books
 |isbn        = 978-0-8225-7273-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gillies|first1=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIH-JijUNS0C&q=How+the+Web+Was+Born+%3A+The+Story+of+the+World+Wide+Web|title=How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web|last2=Cailliau|first2=Robert|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-19-286207-5|language=en}}</ref>