Editing CIM-10 Bomarc (section)

{{Short description|Long-range surface-to-air missile}}
{{About|the USAF [[surface-to-air missile]]|Boeing's previous research SAM|Boeing Ground-to-Air Pilotless Aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
 | is_missile        = yes
 | name              = CIM-10 Bomarc
 | image             = File:BOMARC.jpg
 | caption           = A Bomarc missile begins its "climb phase" of launch.{{r|IBM}}{{rp|30}} The midcourse phase and homing dive used [[ramjet]]s.
 | origin            = United States
 | type              = [[Surface-to-air missile]]
 | used_by           = [[United States Air Force]] <br /> [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] <br /> [[Canadian Forces]]
 | manufacturer      = [[Boeing]] Pilotless Aircraft Division{{r|FlightGlobal}}
 | unit_cost         = 
 | propellant        = 
 | production_date   = 1958
 | service           = 1959 to 1 October 1972<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lombardi |first1=Michael |title=Reach for the sky |url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2007/june/i_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020211237/http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2007/june/i_history.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-20 |url-status=live |publisher=Boeing Frontiers |access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref>
 | engine            = *booster rocket
*ramjet
 | engine_power      = 
 | weight            = 
 | length            = 
 | height            = 
 | diameter          = {{cvt|35|in|mm}}
 | wingspan          = {{cvt|218.2|in|mm}}
 | speed             = 
 | vehicle_range     = 
 | ceiling           = {{cvt|100000|ft|m}}
 | altitude          = 
 | filling           = [[W40 (nuclear warhead)|W40]] nuclear warhead
 | guidance          = Initially ground-controlled, [[active radar homing]] terminal guidance
 | detonation        = 
 | launch_platform   = 
}}
[[File:BOMARC A Surface-to-Air Missile.jpg|right|thumb]]

The '''Boeing CIM-10 Bomarc''' ("Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center") ('''IM-99 Weapon System'''{{r|AFD100617}} prior to September 1962)<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of Aviation |first=David W. |last=Wragg |isbn=9780850451634 |edition=first |publisher=Osprey |year=1973 |page=69}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Baugher |first=Joe |title=Boeing/MARC F-99 |url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/f99.html |publisher=JoeBaugher.com |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> was a supersonic [[ramjet]] powered long-range [[surface-to-air missile]] (SAM) used during the [[Cold War]] for the air defense of North America. In addition to being the first operational long-range SAM and the first operational pulse doppler aviation radar,<ref name="ReferenceA">Tactical missile aerodynamics, Volume 141. P17. Michael J. Hemsch, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992</ref> it was the only SAM deployed by the [[United States Air Force]].

Stored horizontally in a launcher shelter with a movable roof, the missile was erected, fired vertically using [[Booster (rocketry)|rocket boosters]] to high altitude, and then tipped over into a horizontal Mach 2.5 cruise powered by [[ramjet]] engines. This lofted trajectory allowed the missile to operate at a maximum range as great as {{convert|430|mi|km|abbr=on}}. Controlled from the ground for most of its flight, when it reached the target area it was commanded to begin a dive, activating an onboard [[active radar homing]] seeker for [[terminal guidance]]. A radar [[proximity fuse]] detonated the warhead, either a large conventional explosive or the [[W40 (nuclear warhead)|W40 nuclear warhead]].

The Air Force originally planned for a total of 52 sites covering most of the major cities and industrial regions in the US. The [[United States Army]] was deploying their own systems at the same time, and the two services fought constantly both in political circles and in the press. Development dragged on, and by the time it was ready for deployment in the late 1950s, the nuclear threat had moved from manned bombers to the [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM). By this time the Army had successfully deployed the much shorter range [[Nike Hercules]] that they claimed filled any possible need through the 1960s, in spite of Air Force claims to the contrary.<ref>Tactical missile aerodynamics, Volume 141. Michael J. Hemsch, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992</ref>

As testing continued, the Air Force reduced its plans to sixteen sites, and then again to eight with an additional two sites in Canada. The first US site was declared operational in 1959, but with only a single working missile. Bringing the rest of the missiles into service took years, by which time the system was obsolete. Deactivations began in 1969 and by 1972 all Bomarc sites had been shut down. A small number were used as target drones, and only a few remain on display today.