Editing CP/M (section)

{{Short description|Discontinued family of computer operating systems}}
{{About|the Digital Research operating system|the similarly named IBM and Microsoft operating system|CP/DOS}}
{{Redirect|BDOS|the DOS kernel|BDOS (DOS)|the MSX-DOS kernel|BDOS (MSX)|}}
{{Redirect|SCP (operating system)|the developer of the unrelated SCP 86-DOS|Seattle Computer Products}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Infobox OS
| name = CP/M
| screenshot = CPM-86.png
| caption = A screenshot of CP/M-86
| developer = [[Digital Research|Digital Research, Inc.]], [[Gary Kildall]]
| working state = Historical
| source model = Originally [[closed source]], now [[open-source software|open source]]<ref name="Gasperson_2001_Collection"/>
| released = {{Start date and age|1974|df=yes}}
| latest release version = 3.1
| latest release date    = {{Start date and age|1983|df=yes}}<ref name="Mann83"/>
| programmed in = [[PL/M]], [[Assembly language]]
| prog_language = [[Assembly language]], [[BASIC]], [[Modula-2]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] etc.
| language = [[English language|English]]
| update model = Re-installation
| package manager = None
| supported platforms = [[Intel 8080]], [[Intel 8085]], [[Zilog Z80]], [[Zilog Z8000]], [[Intel 8086]], [[Motorola 68000]]
| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel]]
| influenced by = [[RT-11]], [[OS/8]]
| ui = [[Command-line interface]] (CCP.COM)
| license = Originally [[Proprietary software|proprietary]], now [[BSD licenses|BSD]]-like
| succeeded by = [[MP/M]], [[CP/M-86]]
| website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20080515232659/http://www.digitalresearch.biz/CPM.HTM|Digital Research CP/M page}}
}}

'''CP/M''',<ref name="CPM.NYT83"/> originally standing for '''Control Program/Monitor'''<ref name="Kildall.NYT"/> and later '''Control Program for Microcomputers''',<ref name="Shustek_2016"/><ref name="Kildall_1993"/><ref name="Newton_2000"/> is a mass-market [[operating system]] created in 1974 for [[Intel 8080]]/[[Intel 8085|85]]-based [[microcomputer]]s by [[Gary Kildall]] of [[Digital Research|Digital Research, Inc.]] CP/M is a [[disk operating system]]<ref name="byte1983_07"/> and its purpose is to organize files on a magnetic storage medium, and to load and run programs stored on a disk. Initially confined to single-tasking on [[8-bit processor]]s and no more than 64 [[kilobyte]]s of memory, later versions of CP/M added multi-user variations and were migrated to [[16-bit processor]]s.

CP/M's core components are the ''Basic Input/Output System'' (BIOS),  the ''Basic Disk Operating System'' (BDOS), and the ''Console Command Processor'' (CCP). The BIOS consists of drivers that deal with devices and system hardware. The BDOS implements the file system and provides system services to applications. The CCP is the [[command-line interpreter]] and provides some built-in commands.

CP/M eventually became the ''[[de facto]]'' standard and the dominant operating system for microcomputers,<ref>{{cite web | last=Proven | first=Liam | title=50 years ago, CP/M started the microcomputer revolution | website=The Register | date=2024-08-02 | url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/08/02/cpm_50th_anniversary/ }}</ref> in combination with the [[S-100 bus]] computers. This [[computer platform]] was widely used in business through the late 1970s and into the mid-1980s.<ref name="Compupro816"/> CP/M increased the market size for both hardware and software by greatly reducing the amount of programming required to port an application to a new manufacturer's computer.<ref name="InfoWorld May 1981"/><ref name="InfoWorld July 1982"/> An important driver of software innovation was the advent of (comparatively) low-cost microcomputers running CP/M, as independent programmers and [[hacker culture|hackers]] bought them and shared their creations in [[user group]]s.<ref name="Commodore_128"/> CP/M was eventually displaced in popularity by [[DOS]] following the 1981 introduction of the [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]].