Editing Calcium phosphate (section)

{{short description|Chemical compound}}
{{For|the function of calcium phosphate in organisms|Calcium metabolism}}
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Hydroxylapatite-338779.jpg
| ImageCaption = Hydroxyapatite crystal
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7758-87-4
| EC_number = 233-283-6
| PubChem = 24456
| UNII = K4C08XP666
| StdInChIKey = QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 310.18 g/mol
| Appearance = White Solid
| Odor = Odorless
| Density = 3.14 g/cu cm<ref name=crc>{{cite web | url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Calcium-phosphate | title=Calcium Phosphate }}</ref>
| MeltingPtC = 1670
| MeltingPt_ref = <ref name=crc/>
| Solubility = Practically insoluble with [[water]]
| Solvent2 = Ethanol
| Solubility2 = Insoluble with [[ethanol]] (also [[acetic acid]])
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|101|102|103|261|264|271|280|270|302+352|304+340|305+351+338}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA-S = 
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| ExternalSDS = [https://beta-static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory-documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-c/S25229.pdf fishersci.com]
}}
}}
The term '''calcium phosphate''' refers to a family of materials and [[mineral]]s containing [[calcium]] [[ion]]s (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) together with inorganic [[phosphate]] anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain [[oxide]] and [[hydroxide]] as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritional value<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book|author1=Klaus Schrödter|author2=Gerhard Bettermann|author3=Thomas Staffel|author4=Friedrich Wahl|author5=Thomas Klein|author6=Thomas Hofmann|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|chapter=Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates|series=Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2008|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3|isbn=978-3527306732|s2cid=94458523 }}</ref> and are found in many living organisms, e.g., [[bone mineral]] and [[tooth enamel]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-15|title=What Substances Make Up Your Teeth? – Affordable Dental Care|url=https://www.towncaredental.com/blog/what-substances-make-up-your-teeth/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=www.towncaredental.com|language=en-us}}</ref> In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in [[micelles]] bound to [[casein]] protein with [[magnesium]], [[zinc]], and [[citrate]]–collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP).<ref>{{cite book|title=Brined cheeses - The Society of Dairy Technology (SDT)|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2006|isbn=978-1-4051-2460-7|editor=A. Y. Tamime}}</ref> Various calcium phosphate minerals, which often are not white owing to impurities, are used in the production of [[phosphoric acid]] and [[fertilizer]]s. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to [[nutrient]]-containing [[surface runoff]] and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as [[algal bloom]]s and [[eutrophication]] (over-enrichment with nutrients and minerals).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xiao |first1=Zhengyang |last2=Tan |first2=Albern X. |last3=Xu |first3=Vincent |last4=Jun |first4=Young-Shin |last5=Tang |first5=Yinjie J. |date=2022 |title=Mineral-hydrogel composites for mitigating harmful algal bloom and supplying phosphorous [''sic''] for photo-biorefineries |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=847 |pages=157533 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157533 |pmc=9755271 |pmid=35878849|bibcode=2022ScTEn.84757533X }}</ref>