Editing Calmodulin (section)

{{Short description|Messenger protein}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox protein
| name       = Calmodulin
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| image      = Calmodulin.png
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| caption    = 3D structure of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-bound calmodulin ({{PDB|1OSA}})
| Symbol     = CaM
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| PDB        = 1OSA
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| UniProt    = P62158
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[[File:EFhandmotif.jpg|thumb|The helix–loop–helix structure of the calcium-binding [[EF hand]] motif]]
'''Calmodulin''' ('''CaM''') (an abbreviation for '''cal'''cium-'''modul'''ated prote'''in''') is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stevens FC | title = Calmodulin: an introduction | journal = Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology | volume = 61 | issue = 8 | pages = 906–10 | date = August 1983 | pmid = 6313166 | doi = 10.1139/o83-115 }}</ref> It is an intracellular target of the [[Second messenger system|secondary messenger]] [[Calcium in biology|Ca<sup>2+</sup>]], and the binding of Ca<sup>2+</sup> is required for the activation of calmodulin. Once bound to Ca<sup>2+</sup>, calmodulin acts as part of a calcium [[Signal transduction|signal transduction pathway]] by modifying its interactions with various target proteins such as [[kinase]]s or [[phosphatase]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chin D, Means AR | title = Calmodulin: a prototypical calcium sensor | journal = Trends in Cell Biology | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = 322–8 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10884684 | doi = 10.1016/S0962-8924(00)01800-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Hall W, LaMantia AS, White L |date=2012 |title=Neuroscience |location=Massachusetts |publisher=Sinauer Associates |pages=95, 147, 148 |isbn=9780878936953}}</ref><ref name="uniprot">{{Cite web|title = CALM1 – Calmodulin – ''Homo sapiens'' (Human) – CALM1 gene & protein|url = https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P62158|website = www.uniprot.org|access-date = 2016-02-23}}</ref>