Editing Calvert Vaux (section)

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Short description|Architect and landscape designer (1824–95)}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Calvert Vaux
| image = CVaux.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{birth date|1824|12|20}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1895|11|19|1824|12|20}}
| death_place = [[Brooklyn]], New York, U.S.
| spouse = Mary Swan McEntee
| children = Calvert<br>[[Downing Vaux|Downing]]<br>Helen<br>Julia
| nationality = British (at birth) and American (after naturalization in 1856).
| significant_projects = [[Central Park]]<br>[[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]]<br>[[Buffalo, New York parks system|Buffalo Parks System]]<br>[[Hudson River State Hospital]]<br>[[Samuel J. Tilden House]]<br>[[Downing Park (Newburgh, New York)|Downing Park]]<br>[[Rockwood Park, Saint John]]
| significant_buildings = [[City Club (Newburgh, New York)|Dr. William A. M. Culbert House]]<br>[[Beechwood (Astor mansion)|Daniel Parish House]]<br>[[Halsey Stevens House]]<br>[[W. E. Warren House]]<br>[[Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital|Sheppard Asylum]]<br>[[Ammadelle]]<br>[[Beaulieu House, Newport|Frederico Berreda House]]<br>[[Belvedere Castle]]<br>[[Olana]]<br>[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
| practice = 1850–1895
}}

'''Calvert Vaux''' [[Fellow of the American Institute of Architects|FAIA]] ({{IPAc-en|v|ɔ:|k|s}}; December 20, 1824 – November 19, 1895) was an English-American [[architect]] and [[landscape architect|landscape designer]]. He and his protégé [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] designed parks such as [[Central Park]] and [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] in New York City and the [[Delaware Park–Front Park System]] in [[Buffalo, New York]].

Vaux, on his own and in various partnerships, designed and created dozens of parks across the northeastern [[United States]], most famously in [[Manhattan]], [[Brooklyn]], and Buffalo in New York. He introduced new ideas about the significance of [[public park]]s in America during a hectic time of [[urbanization]]. This [[industrialization]] of the [[cityscape]] inspired Vaux to focus on the integration of buildings, bridges, and other forms of architecture into their natural surroundings. He favored naturalistic and curvilinear lines in his designs.

In addition to landscape architecture, Vaux was a highly-sought after architect until the 1870s, when his modes of design could not endure the country's return to [[Neoclassical architecture|classical forms]]. His partnership with [[Andrew Jackson Downing]], a major figure in [[horticulture]], landscape design, and domestic architecture, brought him from [[London]] to [[Newburgh, New York]], in 1850. There, Downing's praise of [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] and [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] architecture contributed to Vaux's personal growth as a designer of homes and landscapes. After Downing's sudden death in 1852, Vaux was left with their assistant [[Frederick Clarke Withers]] to continue Downing's legacy. He left Newburgh in 1856 to grow his practice in New York City, where he began, received and completed commissions with Olmsted, Withers, and [[Jacob Wrey Mould]]. As a result, Vaux's name was frequently overshadowed by other designers, such as Olmsted, yet the contemporary American public still recognized his talents.