Editing Camel (section)

{{Short description|Genus of mammals}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Pp|small=yes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|3.6|0|[[Pliocene]]–Recent|ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42521|title=Fossilworks: Camelus|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=2021-12-17|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212195107/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=42521|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| name = Camel
| image = 07. Camel Profile, near Silverton, NSW, 07.07.2007.jpg
| image_upright = 
| image_alt = A one-humped camel
| image_caption = [[Dromedary]]<br/> (''Camelus dromedarius'')
| image2 = Bactrian Camel.jpg
| image2_upright = 
| image2_alt = A shaggy two-humped camel
| image2_caption = [[Bactrian camel]]<br/> (''Camelus bactrianus'')
| taxon = Camelus
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| type_species = ''[[Camelus dromedarius]]'' <ref>{{MSW3|id=14200111}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
<!--| range_map = need combined range map of all three camel species-->
<!--| range_map_caption = Global range of camels-->| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = {{Plain list|
* ''[[Camelus bactrianus]]''
* ''[[Camelus dromedarius]]''
* ''[[Camelus ferus]]''
* †''[[Camelus grattardi]]'' (fossil)<ref name="Geraads2019">{{cite journal|last1=Geraads|first1=D.|last2=Barr|first2=W. A.|last3=Reed|first3=D.|last4=Laurin|first4=M. |last5=Alemseged|first5=Z.|title=New Remains of ''Camelus grattardi'' (Mammalia, Camelidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Ethiopia and the Phylogeny of the Genus|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|date=2019|volume=28|issue=2 |pages=359–370|doi=10.1007/s10914-019-09489-2 |s2cid=209331892|url=https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02457813/file/Geraads%20et%20al.%20-%202019%20-%20New%20Remains%20of%20Camelus%20grattardi%20%28Mammalia%2C%20Cameli.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003073130/https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02457813/file/Geraads%20et%20al.%20-%202019%20-%20New%20Remains%20of%20Camelus%20grattardi%20%28Mammalia%2C%20Cameli.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-03 |url-status=live|issn = 1064-7554}}</ref>
* †''[[Camelus knoblochi]]'' (fossil)<ref name="Titov2018">{{cite journal|last1=Titov|first1=V. V.|title=Habitat conditions for ''Camelus knoblochi'' and factors in its extinction|journal=Quaternary International |date=2008|volume=179 |issue= 1 |pages=120–125|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.022|bibcode=2008QuInt.179..120T}}</ref>
* †''[[Camelus moreli]]'' (fossil)
* †''[[Camelus sivalensis]]'' (fossil)<ref>{{cite book| publisher = R. Hardwicke| last = Falconer| first = Hugh| title = Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer: Fauna antiqua sivalensis| year = 1868| page = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ/page/n274 231]| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* †''[[Camelus thomasi]]'' (fossil)<ref name="Martini2018">{{cite journal|last1=Martini|first1=P.|last2=Geraads|first2=D.|title=''Camelus thomasi'' Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern ''Camelus''|journal=Geodiversitas |date=2019|volume=40 |issue= 1|pages=115–134|doi= 10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a5|doi-access=free}}</ref>
}}
| range_map = Camels by country per capita.png
| range_map_caption = Distribution of camels worldwide
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|Title=List
|''Camellus'' <small>[[Juan Ignacio Molina|Molina]], 1782</small>
|''Dromedarius'' <small>[[C. L. Gloger|Gloger]], 1841</small>
}}
}}

A '''camel''' (from {{langx|la|camelus}} and {{langx|grc|κάμηλος}} ({{Transliteration|el|kamēlos}}) from [[Semitic languages|Ancient Semitic]]: ''gāmāl''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=camel |encyclopedia=The New Oxford American Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Herper |first=Douglas |title=camel |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=camel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927090522/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=camel |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=28 November 2012 |work=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>) is an [[Artiodactyl|even-toed ungulate]] in the [[genus]] '''''Camelus''''' that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. Camels have long been [[domesticated]] and, as [[livestock]], they provide food ([[camel milk]] and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from [[camel hair]]). Camels are [[working animal]]s especially suited to their desert habitat and are a vital means of transport for passengers and cargo. There are three surviving [[species]] of camel. The one-humped [[dromedary]] makes up 94% of the world's camel population, and the two-humped [[Bactrian camel]] makes up 6%. The [[wild Bactrian camel]] is a distinct species that is not ancestral to the domestic Bactrian camel, and is now [[critically endangered]], with fewer than 1,000 individuals.

The word ''camel'' is also used informally in a wider sense, where the more correct term is "camelid", to include all seven species of the family [[Camelidae]]: the true camels (the above three species), along with the "New World" camelids: the [[llama]], the [[alpaca]], the [[guanaco]], and the [[vicuña]], which belong to the separate tribe [[Lamini]].<ref name=bornstein10>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S17 | issn = 1751-0147 | volume = 52 | issue = Suppl 1 | page = S17 | last = Bornstein | first = Set | title = Important ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) | journal = Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica | year = 2010 | pmc = 2994293 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Camelids originated in North America during the [[Eocene]], with the ancestor of modern camels, ''[[Paracamelus]]'', migrating across the [[Bering land bridge]] into Asia during the late [[Miocene]], around 6 million years ago.