Editing Cao Pi (section)

{{Short description|Cao Wei emperor (187–226)}}
{{redirect|Emperor Wen of Wei|the emperor of [[Western Wei]] (Yuan Baoju)|Emperor Wen of Western Wei}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Emperor Wen of Wei<br/>{{normal|{{lang|zh|魏文帝}}}}
| image        = Cao Pi Tang.jpg
| image_size   = 180px
| caption      = A [[Tang dynasty]] painting of Cao Pi and two ministers flanking him, by [[Yan Liben]]
| succession   = [[Emperor of China|Emperor]] of [[Cao Wei|Wei]]
| reign        = 11 December 220{{sfnp|de Crespigny|2007|p=555}} – 29 June 226
| successor    = [[Cao Rui]]
| succession1  = [[Kings of the Han dynasty|King]] of Wei (魏王)<br>{{small|(under the [[Han dynasty|Han Empire]])}}
| reign1       = 15 March 220 – 11 December 220
| reign-type1  = Tenure
| predecessor1 = [[Cao Cao]]
| succession2  = [[Chancellor (China)|Imperial Chancellor]] (丞相)<br>{{small|(under the [[Han dynasty|Han Empire]])}}
| reign2       = 15 March 220 – 11 December 220
| reign-type2  = Tenure
| predecessor2 = [[Cao Cao]]
| birth_date   = {{circa}}late 187<ref name="birth year">Cao Pi's biography in ''Sanguozhi'' mentioned that he was born in the winter (10th to 12th month) of the 4th year of the ''Zhongping'' era (184–189) in the reign of [[Emperor Ling of Han]]. (中平四年冬，生于譙。) ''Sanguozhi'', vol. 02. The period corresponds to 19 Nov 187 to 14 Feb 188 in the Julian calendar.</ref>
| birth_place  = [[Bozhou|Qiao County]], [[Pei Commandery|Pei State]], [[Han dynasty|Han Empire]]<ref name="birth year"/>
| death_date   = {{death date and age|226|6|29|187||}}<ref name="death date">Cao Pi's biography in ''Sanguozhi'' mentioned that he died on the ''dingsi'' day of the 5th lunar month in the 7th year of the ''Huangchu'' era (220–226) in his reign. He was 40 years old (by [[East Asian age reckoning]]) at the time of his death. ({{lang|zh|[黃初七年五月]丁巳，帝崩于嘉福殿，時年四十。}}) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 02</ref>
| death_place  = [[Luoyang]], [[Cao Wei|Wei Empire]]
| place of burial = Shouyang Mausoleum (首陽陵), [[Yanshi]], [[Henan]]
| full name    = '''Family name:''' Cao (曹)<br>'''Given name:''' Pi (丕)<br>'''[[Courtesy name]]''': Zihuan (子桓)
| era name     = Huangchu (黄初)
| era dates    = 220–226
| posthumous name = Emperor Wen (文帝)
| temple name  = Gaozu (高祖)
| dynasty      = [[Cao Wei]]
| father       = [[Cao Cao]]
| mother       = [[Empress Dowager Bian|Empress Wuxuan]]
| spouse       = {{plainlist|
*[[Lady Zhen|Empress Wenzhao]]
*[[Guo Nüwang|Empress Wende]]
*Lady Li
*Lady Pan
*Lady Zhu
*Lady Qiu
*Lady Ren
*[[Emperor Xian of Han#Family|Lady Liu]] (elder)
*[[Emperor Xian of Han#Family|Lady Liu]] (younger)
*Consort Xu
*Consort Su
*Consort Zhang
*Consort Song
*Consort Yin
*Consort Chai}}
| spouse-type  = Consorts
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Cao Rui]]
*''[[Cao Xie]]''
*[[Cao Rui (Prince of Beihai)|Cao Rui]]
*[[Cao Jian]]
*[[Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)|Cao Lin]]
*[[Cao Li]]
*[[Cao Yong (Three Kingdoms)|Cao Yong]]
*[[Cao Gong]]
*[[Cao Yan]]
*[[Princess Dongxiang]]}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Cao Pi (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "Cao Pi" in Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.375
| c = 曹丕
| p = Cáo Pī
| w = Ts'ao<sup>2</sup> P'i<sup>1</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|c|ao|2|-|p|i|1}}
| gr = Tsaur Pi
| j = Cou<sup>4</sup> Pei<sup>1</sup>
| y = Tsòuh Pēi
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|c|ou|4|-|p|ei|1}}
| tl = Tsô Phi
| mc = Dzaw Pʰi
}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Cao (Chinese surname)|Cao]]|lang=Chinese}}

'''Cao Pi''' ({{audio|Cao Pi.ogg|pronunciation}}) ({{circa}}late 187<ref name="birth year" /> – 29 June 226<ref name="death date" />),{{sfnp|de Crespigny|2007|p=45}} [[courtesy name]] '''Zihuan''', was the first [[Emperor of China|emperor]] of the state of [[Cao Wei]] in the [[Three Kingdoms]] period of China. He was the second son of [[Cao Cao]], a warlord who lived in the late [[Eastern Han dynasty]], but the eldest son among all the children born to Cao Cao by his concubine (later wife), [[Empress Dowager Bian|Lady Bian]]. According to some historical records, he was often in the presence of court officials in order to gain their support.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} He was mostly in charge of defence{{Clarify|date=January 2010}} at the start of his career. After the defeat of Cao Cao's rival [[Yuan Shao]] at the [[Battle of Guandu]], he took [[Yuan Xi]]'s wife, [[Lady Zhen]], as a concubine, but in 221 Lady Zhen died and [[Guo Nüwang]] became empress.

On 25 November 220,{{sfnp|de Crespigny|2007|p=xxxiii}} Cao Pi forced [[Emperor Xian of Han|Emperor Xian]], the last ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty, to abdicate in his favour, after which on 11 December 220{{sfnp|de Crespigny|2007|p=555}} he proclaimed himself emperor and established the state of Cao Wei. Cao Pi continued the wars against the states of [[Shu Han]] and [[Eastern Wu]], founded by his father's rivals [[Liu Bei]] and [[Sun Quan]] respectively, but did not make significant territorial gain in the battles. Unlike his father, Cao Pi concentrated most of his efforts on internal administration rather than on waging wars against his rivals. During his reign, he formally established [[Chen Qun]]'s [[nine-rank system]] as the base for [[civil service]] nomination, which drew many talents into his government. On the other hand, he drastically reduced the power of princes, stripping off their power to oppose him, but at the same time, rendering them unable to assist the emperor if a crisis arose within the state. After Cao Pi's death, his successor [[Cao Rui]] granted him the [[posthumous name]] "Emperor Wen" and the [[temple name]] "Gaozu".

Cao Pi was also an accomplished poet and scholar, just like his father Cao Cao and his younger brother [[Cao Zhi]]. He wrote ''Yan Ge Xing'' ({{lang|zh|燕歌行}}), the first [[Chinese poetry|Chinese poem]] in the style of seven syllables per line ({{lang|zh|七言詩}}). He also wrote over a hundred articles on various subjects.