Editing Cape Colony (section)

{{Short description|British colony from 1806 to 1910}}
{{about|the British colony|the original Dutch colony|Dutch Cape Colony}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name            = {{native name|nl|Kaapkolonie}}
| conventional_long_name = Cape Colony
| common_name            = Cape Colony
| era                    = Imperialism
| status                 = [[Crown colony]] of the [[British Empire]]
| empire                 = [[United Kingdom]]
| government_type        = [[Self-governing colony]] under [[Constitutional monarchy]]|
| event_start            = [[Battle of Blaauwberg|Occupied]]
| year_start             = 1806
| date_start             = 8 January
| event_end              = [[South Africa Act 1909|Merged]] into [[Union of South Africa]]
| year_end               = 1910
| date_end               = 31 May
| event_pre              = [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] [[Dutch Cape Colony|colony]]
| date_pre               = 1803–1806
| event2                 = [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814|Anglo-Dutch treaty]]
| date_event2            = 1814
| event3                 = [[Colony of Natal|Administration of Natal]]
| date_event3            = 1844
| event4                 = [[Basutoland]] incorporated into the Cape Colony
| date_event4            = 3 November 1871
| event5                 = [[Basutoland]] separated to form its own [[colony]]
| date_event5            = 2 February 1884

<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --->| p1                     = Dutch Cape Colony
| flag_p1                = Flag of the Netherlands.svg
| p2                     = British Bechuanaland
| flag_p3                = Mixed flag of Republic of Swellendam.png
| p3                     = Republic of Swellendam
| flag_p4                = Mixed flag of Republic of Graaff-Reinet.png
| p4                     = Republic of Graaff-Reinet
| flag_p5                = Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg
| p5                     = Islands of Refreshment
| flag_p2                = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| s1                     = Union of South Africa
| flag_s1                = South Africa Flag 1910-1912.svg
| s2                     = Basutoland
| flag_s2                = Unofficial Basutoland Ensign.svg
| s3                     = Tristan da Cunha
| flag_s3                = Flag of Saint Helena (1874–1985).svg
| image_flag             = Flag of the Cape Colony 1876-1910.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of the Cape Colony 1876-1994.svg
| flag_type              = Flag<br />(1876–1910)
| flag                   = Flag of the Cape Colony
| image_map              = Cape Colony 1885.png
| image_map_caption      = The Cape Colony in 1885 shown in red.
| capital                = [[Cape Town]]
| national_anthem        = [[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]] (1795–1837; 1901–1910) <br /> [[God Save the Queen]] (1837–1901)<br />[[File:Rufst du, mein Vaterland (1938).oga|center]]
| common_languages       = [[Afrikaans]], [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] also spoken
| official_languages     = [[English language|English]]<br> [[Dutch language|Dutch]]{{efn|name=FN1}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{ublist
  | 59.12% [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black]]
  | 24.05% [[White South Africans|White]]
  | 16.39% [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
  | 0.42% [[Asian (South Africa)|Asian]] 
  }}
| ethnic_groups_year     = 1904
| religion               = [[Dutch Reformed Church]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], [[San religion]]
| currency               = Pound sterling|
| leader1                = [[George III]]
| year_leader1           = 1795–1820
| leader2                = [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]]
| year_leader2           = 1820–1830
| leader3                = [[William IV]]
| year_leader3           = 1830–1837
| leader4                = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| year_leader4           = 1837–1901
| leader5                = [[Edward VII]]
| year_leader5           = 1901–1910
| title_leader           = [[List of British monarchs|King/Queen]]
| representative1        = [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney|George Macartney]]
| year_representative1   = 1797–1798
| representative2        = [[Walter Hely-Hutchinson]]
| year_representative2   = 1901–1910
| title_representative   = [[List of governors of British South African colonies#Cape Colony|Governor]]
| deputy1                = [[John Charles Molteno]]
| year_deputy1           = 1872–1878
| deputy2                = [[John X. Merriman]]
| year_deputy2           = 1908–1910
| title_deputy           = [[List of governors of British South African colonies#Cape Colony|Prime Minister]]
| stat_year1             = 1822
| stat_area1             = {{convert|128150|mi2|km2|0|disp=number}}
| ref_area1              = {{sfn|Wilmot|Chase|1869|p=268}}
| stat_pop1              = 110,380
| ref_pop1               = {{sfn|Wilmot|Chase|1869|p=268}}
| stat_year2             = 1865 census
| stat_pop2              = 496,381
| ref_pop2               = {{sfn|Cape of Good Hope|1866|p=11}}{{sfn|Malherbe|1939|p=1038}}
| stat_year3             = 1875 census
| stat_pop3              = 720,984
| ref_pop3               = {{sfn|Malherbe|1939|p=1038}}
| stat_year4             = 1891 census
| stat_pop4              = 1,527,224
| ref_pop4               = {{sfn|Malherbe|1939|p=1038}}
| stat_year5             = 1904 census
| stat_pop5              = 2,409,804
| ref_pop5               = {{sfn|Malherbe|1939|p=1038}}
| today                  = [[Namibia]]{{efn|name=FN2}}<br />[[South Africa]]<br />[[Lesotho]]{{efn|name=FN3}}
| footnotes              = 
| demonym                = 
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
}}
{{SouthAfrica state}}
[[File:SouthAfrica1885.svg|thumb|Map of the Cape of Good Hope in 1885 (blue). The areas of Griqualand West and Griqualand East were annexed to the Cape Colony around 1880.|alt=|left]]

The '''Cape Colony''' ({{langx|nl|Kaapkolonie}}), also known as the '''Cape of Good Hope''', was a [[British Empire|British]] [[colony]] in present-day [[South Africa]] named after the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. It existed from 1795 to 1802, and again from 1806 to 1910, when it united with three other colonies to form the [[Union of South Africa]], then became the [[Cape Province]], which existed even after 1961, when South Africa had become a republic, albeit, temporarily outside the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (1961–94).

The British colony was preceded by an earlier corporate colony that became an [[Dutch Cape Colony|original Dutch colony of the same name]], which was established in 1652 by the [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch East India Company (VOC)]]. The Cape was under VOC rule from 1652 to 1795 and under rule of the Napoleonic [[Batavian Republic|Batavia Republic]] from 1803 to 1806.{{sfn|Heese|1971|p=15}} The VOC lost the colony to [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] following the 1795 [[Invasion of the Cape Colony|Battle of Muizenberg]], but it was ceded to the [[Batavian Republic|Batavia Republic]] following the 1802 [[Treaty of Amiens]]. It was re-occupied by the British following the [[Battle of Blaauwberg]] in 1806, and British possession affirmed with the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]]. The Cape of Good Hope then remained in the [[British Empire]], becoming [[self-governing]] in 1872.

The colony was coextensive with the later [[Cape Province]], stretching from the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic coast]] inland and eastward along the southern coast, constituting about half of modern South Africa: the final eastern boundary, after several wars against the [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]], stood at the [[Great Fish River|Fish River]]. In the north, the [[Orange River]], natively known as the {{lang|naq|ǂNūǃarib}} (Black River) and subsequently called the Gariep River, served as the boundary for some time, although some land between the river and the southern boundary of [[Bechuanaland Protectorate|Botswana]] was later added to it. From 1878, the colony also included the enclave of [[Walvis Bay]] and the [[Penguin Islands]], both in what is now [[Namibia]].

It united with three other colonies to form the [[Union of South Africa]] in 1910, and was accordingly renamed the [[Cape Province|Province of the Cape of Good Hope]].{{sfn|Keltie|Epstein|1920|p=222}} [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] became a sovereign state in 1931 by the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]]. In 1961, it became the [[South Africa|Republic of South Africa]]. Following the 1994 creation of [[Provinces of South Africa|the present-day South African provinces]], the [[Cape Province]] was partitioned into the [[Eastern Cape]], [[Northern Cape]], and [[Western Cape]], with smaller parts in [[North West (South African province)|North West]] province.