Editing Capernaum (section)

{{Short description|Village at Lake Tiberias in historical Judea}}
{{about|the village|the film|Capernaum (film)}}
{{redirect|Capharnaum|the band|Capharnaum (band)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox ancient site
|name           = Capernaum
|native_name    = {{Script/Hebrew|כְּפַר נַחוּם}}
|alternate_name=
|image          = Sites of Christianity in the Galillee - Ruins of the ancient Great Synagogue at Capernaum (or Kfar Nahum) on the shore of the Lake of Galilee, Northern Israel.jpg
|alt = 
|caption        = Capernaum synagogue
|map_type       = Israel
|map_alt=
|coordinates    = {{coord|32|52|52|N|35|34|30|E|display=inline,title}}
|location       = Israel
|region         = [[Sea of Galilee]]
|type           = Settlement
|part_of=
|area=
|builder=
|material=
|built=
|abandoned=
|epochs=
|cultures       = [[Hasmonean dynasty|Hasmonean]], [[Jewish]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]]
|dependency_of=
|occupants=
|excavations=
|archaeologists=
|condition      = Ruined
|ownership=
|management=
|public_access=
|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
|notes = 
}}

'''Capernaum''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|p|ɜr|n|eɪ|ə|m|,_|-|n|i|ə|m}} {{respell|kə|PUR|nay|əm|,_|-|nee|əm}};<ref name="merweb">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Capernaum|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> {{langx|he|כְּפַר נַחוּם|Kfar Naḥum|Nahum's village}}; {{langx|ar|كَفْرْ نَاحُومْ|Kafr Nāḥūm}}) was a [[fishing village]] established during the time of the [[Hasmonean dynasty|Hasmoneans]], located on the northern shore of the [[Sea of Galilee]].<ref>Freedman, DN 2000, ''Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible'', Amsterdam University Press</ref> It had a population of about 1,500 in the 1st century AD.<ref>{{harvnb|Reed|2002}}{{page needed|date=January 2021}}</ref> Archaeological excavations have revealed two ancient [[synagogue]]s built one over the other.<ref name="IMFA1">{{cite web |title=Capernaum: City of Jesus and its Jewish Synagogue |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|url=https://www.gov.il/en/pages/capernaum-city-of-jesus-and-its-jewish-synagogue |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> A house turned into a church by the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] is held by Christian tradition to have been the home of [[Saint Peter]].<ref name="IMFA1" />
[[File:Ancient synagogue remains.JPG|thumb|Capernaum's 4th-century synagogue (detail with columns and benches)]]

The village was inhabited continuously from the 2nd century BC to the 11th century AD, when it was abandoned sometime before the [[First Crusade]].<ref name=Avni>{{cite book |title= The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach |series= Oxford Studies in Byzantium |author=Gideon Avni |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=88–89; 90 for site plan of Early Muslim period village |isbn= 9780199684335 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2aTFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 |access-date= 15 April 2016}}</ref> This includes the re-establishment of the village northeast of the earlier location in c. 700, during the [[Historiography of early Islam|Early Islamic period]].<ref name=Avni/>