Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Capnography
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{short description|Monitoring of the concentration of carbon dioxide in respiratory gases}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Infobox interventions | Name = Capnography | synonyms = End tidal CO2 (PETCO2) | Image = Capnogram.png | Caption = Typical capnogram. Normal breath cycle. | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | MeshID = D019296 | OtherCodes = }} '''Capnography''' is the monitoring of the concentration or [[partial pressure]] of [[carbon dioxide]] ({{chem|CO|2}}) in the respiratory gases. Its main development has been as a monitoring tool for use during [[anesthesia]] and [[intensive care]]. It is usually presented as a graph of {{chem|CO|2}} (measured in kilopascals, "kPa" or millimeters of mercury, "mmHg") plotted against time, or, less commonly, but more usefully, expired volume (known as volumetric capnography). The plot may also show the inspired {{chem|CO|2}}, which is of interest when [[rebreathing]] systems are being used. When the measurement is taken at the end of a breath (exhaling), it is called "end tidal" {{chem|CO|2}} (PETCO<sub>2</sub>).<ref>{{Cite journal| last1= Bhavani-Shankar |first1= Kodali |last2= Philip |first2= James |date=October 2000|title= Defining segments and phases of a time capnogram | journal= Anesth Analg |language=en|volume=91|issue=4|pages=973β977|doi= 10.1097/00000539-200010000-00038 |pmid= 11004059 |s2cid= 46505268 |doi-access= free }}</ref> The capnogram is a direct monitor of the inhaled and exhaled concentration or partial pressure of {{chem|CO|2}}, and an indirect monitor of the {{chem|CO|2}} partial pressure in the arterial [[blood]]. In healthy individuals, the difference between arterial blood and expired gas {{chem|CO|2}} partial pressures is very small (normal difference 4-5 mmHg). In the presence of most forms of lung disease, and some forms of [[congenital heart disease]] (the cyanotic lesions) the difference between arterial blood and expired gas increases which can be an indication of new pathology or change in the cardiovascular-ventilation system.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1= Nunn |first1=J |last2=Hill |first2=D |date=May 1960|title=Respiratory dead space and arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference in anesthetized man | journal= J Appl Physiol |language=en|volume=15| pages=383β389|doi=10.1152/jappl.1960.15.3.383 |pmid=14427915 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| last1=Williams |first1=Emma |last2=Dassios |first2=Theodore |last3=Greenough |first3=Anne |date=October 2021|title=Carbon dioxide monitoring in the newborn | journal=Pediatr Pulmonol |language=en |volume=56 |issue=10 |pages=3148β3156|doi=10.1002/ppul.25605 |pmid=34365738 |s2cid=236960627 }}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)