Editing Cartel clock (section)

[[File:Pendulum clock by Jacob Kock, antique furniture photography, IMG 0931 edit.jpg|thumb|A late 18th-century Gustavian cartel clock by Jacob Kock, Stockholm]]

A '''cartel clock''' is a [[cartouche (design)|cartouche]] shaped [[clock]] designed to hang directly on a wall, very commonly executed in [[Gilding#Fire-gilding|fire-gilt]] [[bronze]] (a.k.a. [[ormolu]]). The form is a more unified development from a wall-mounted [[bracket clock]] standing upon its separate, complementary bracket characteristic of the [[Régence]] (1715–23), which continued to be stylish in Paris through the 1740s.<ref>A bracket clock with its complementary bracket, by Gilles Lainé, both veneered in green-stained horn, with gilt-bronze mounts, in Winthrop K. Edey;s collection, can be dated 1745-49 from its crowned c stamps in the mounts (Edey 1967, fig. 24); two similar bracket clocks that have retained their matching brackets are [[:File:Musée du temps Besançon 3.jpg|illustrated here (Musée du Temps, Besançon)]].</ref> In Paris, where the [[ébéniste]]'s wooden contribution to the case and wall bracket, conceived as complements in design, was by degrees overshadowed by gilt-bronze mounts. wholly gilt-bronze bracket clock cases became most common by ''ca'' 1730. The cartel clock, incorporating clock case and bracket in a single unified organic sculptural conception, was a [[Rococo]] invention initiated in Paris. Highly ornate Rococo examples exist, with flowing, asymmetrical and curvilinear designs, the most notable being a series of unified cartel clocks in half a dozen related models, dateable to the 1730s and 40s and attributed (some of them signed) to [[Charles Cressent]].<ref>Theodore Dell, ""The Gilt-Bronze Cartel Clocks of Charles Cressent,"  ''Burlington Magazine''  (April 1967), pp. 210-217</ref>
[[File:Cartel Clock, Charles Cressent, 1745-1750 - Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art - DSC08834.JPG|thumb|left|Cartel clock by [[Charles Cressent]], 1745-50 ([[Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art]])]]
The style that originated in [[Paris]]  was used there from ''ca'' 1730 through the reign of [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]]. With the return of classicism under [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], however, cartel clocks fell from favour in Paris, where the domestic clock moved to the mantel.<ref>Winthrop Edey, ''French Clocks'' 1967:63.</ref> In provincial French cities, and elsewhere on the Continent, cartel clocks were made in the [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] style (''illustration, right'') The style was adapted in [[Austria]], [[Sweden]] and [[Switzerland]], with the style used for clocks executed in wood and decorated with [[gold leaf]].<ref>Viktor Pröstler: ''Callweys Handbuch der Uhrentypen. Von der Armbanduhr zum Zappler''. Callwey München 1994, {{ISBN|3-7667-1098-2}}; p. 118</ref><ref>Fritz von Osterhausen: ''Callweys Uhrenlexikon''. München 1999, {{ISBN|3-7667-1353-1}}; p.50</ref> Such cartel clocks were made into the 19th century.<ref>Ernst von Bassermann-Jordan: ''Uhren; Ein Handbuch für Sammler und Liebhaber''. Richard Carl Schmidt & Co. Berlin 1920; p.46</ref> With the "Second Rococo" beginning ''ca'' 1830, mid-18th century models were revived or imitated.
{{Commons|Category:Cartel clocks}}