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Carter Doctrine
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{{Short description|1980 U.S. foreign policy}} [[File:Jimmy Carter Library and Museum 98.JPG|thumb|right|Document related to the Carter Doctrine]] The '''Carter Doctrine''' was a policy proclaimed by [[President of the United States|United States president]] [[Jimmy Carter]] in his [[State of the Union|State of the Union Address]] on January 23, 1980, which stated that the U.S. would use military force, if necessary, to defend its [[national interest]]s in the [[Persian Gulf]]. It was a response to the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervention in Afghanistan]] in 1979, and it was intended to deter the Soviet Union, the country's [[Cold War]] adversary, from seeking [[hegemony]] in the Persian Gulf region. The following key sentence, written by [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], Carter's [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Adviser]], concludes the section: <blockquote>Let our position be absolutely clear: An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force. </blockquote> Brzezinski modeled the wording on the [[Truman Doctrine]],<ref>[[Zbigniew Brzezinski|Brzezinski, Zbigniew]]. ''Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser, 1977-1981''. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983. {{ISBN|0-374-23663-1}}. pg. 444.</ref> and insisted the sentence be included in the speech "to make it very clear that the Soviets should stay away from the Persian Gulf."<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.artsandmedia.net/cgi-bin/dc/newsdesk/2003/03/18_centcom_1 |title=A Cold War Legacy of Persian Gulf Conflict |last=Huang |first=Jennifer |publisher=Newsdesk.org |work=Independent Arts and Media |date=March 19, 2003 |access-date=2008-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819194536/http://www.artsandmedia.net/cgi-bin/dc/newsdesk/2003/03/18_centcom_1 |archive-date=August 19, 2008 }}</ref> In ''[[The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power]]'', author [[Daniel Yergin]] notes that the Carter Doctrine "bore striking similarities" to a 1903 British declaration in which British [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]] warned [[Russian Empire|Russia]] and [[German Empire|Germany]] that the British would "regard the establishment of a naval base or of a fortified port in the Persian Gulf by any other power as a very grave menace to British interests, and we should certainly resist it with all the means at our disposal."<ref>{{harv|Yergin|1991|pp=140, 702}}</ref>
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