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Cashmere wool
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{{Short description|Fiber obtained from cashmere goats and other types of goat}} {{Distinguish|Kashmir (disambiguation){{!}}Kashmir}} [[File:Kaschmirschal 1.jpg|thumb|Cashmere scarves]] '''Cashmere wool''', usually simply known as '''cashmere''', is a [[fiber]] obtained from [[cashmere goat]]s, [[Changthangi|pashmina goats]], and some other breeds of [[goat]]. It has been used to make [[yarn]], textiles and clothing for hundreds of years. Cashmere is closely associated with the [[Kashmir shawl]], the word "cashmere" deriving from an anglicization of ''[[Kashmir]]'', when the Kashmir shawl reached Europe in the 19th century. Both the soft undercoat and the [[guard hair]]s may be used; the softer hair is reserved for textiles, while the coarse guard hair is used for brushes and other non-apparel purposes. Cashmere is a [[hygroscopic]] fiber, absorbing and releasing water from the air based on the surrounding environment. This helps regulate the body in both warm and cool temperatures. <ref>{{cite journal |title=The Exothermic Effects of Textile Fibers during Changes in Environmental Humidity: A Comparison between ISO:16533 and Dynamic Hot Plate Test Method |last2=Faisal |first2=Abedin |last1=Emiel |first1=DenHartog |journal=Fibers |date=2023 |volume=11 |issue=5 |page=47 |doi=10.3390/fib11050047|doi-access=free }}</ref> A number of countries produce cashmere and have improved processing techniques over the years, but China and Mongolia are two of the leading producers as of 2019. Afghanistan is ranked third.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AP |date=2015-05-10 |title=Afghanistan's goat farmers find luxury niche in cashmere |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1181116 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514142151/http://www.dawn.com:80/news/1181116 |archive-date=2015-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Taliban Takeover Puts Afghanistan's Cashmere, Silk Industries at Risk |url=https://newsvot.com/2021/08/25/taliban-takeover-puts-afghanistans-cashmere-silk-industries-at-risk/ |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=Newsvot |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827022333/https://newsvot.com/2021/08/25/taliban-takeover-puts-afghanistans-cashmere-silk-industries-at-risk/ |archive-date=2021-08-27}}</ref> Some yarns and clothing marketed as containing cashmere have been found to contain little to no cashmere fiber, so more stringent testing has been requested to ensure items are fairly represented.<ref name="Lanham">{{cite web |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/yarn-spun-advertising-not-tailored-to-lanham-act-claim |title=A Yarn Spun, But Advertising Not Tailored to a Lanham Act Claim |publisher=[[The National Law Review]] |last=Browning |first=John |date=October 21, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Crackdown">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110375854829407721 |title=The Cashmere Police Crack Down |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |last1=Beatty |last2=Choi |first1=Sally |first2=Hae Won |date=December 23, 2004 |access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref> Poor land management and [[overgrazing]] to increase production of the valuable fiber has resulted in the decimation and transformation of grasslands into deserts in Asia, increasing local temperatures and causing air pollution which has traveled as far as Canada and the United States.<ref name="Chinadesert">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-china-cashmere-htmlstory-htmlstory.html |title=Your cheap sweater's real cost |publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]] |last=Osnos |first=Evan |date=December 16, 2006 |access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Grassland">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/12/09/504118819/how-your-cashmere-sweater-is-decimating-mongolias-grasslands |title=How Your Cashmere Sweater Is Decimating Mongolia's Grasslands |last=Schmitz |first=Rob |work=[[NPR]] |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref>
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