Editing Catharus (section)

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Catharus mexicanus -Costa Rica-8.jpg
| image_caption = [[Black-headed nightingale-thrush]] (''Catharus mexicanus'')
| taxon = Catharus
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1850
| type_species = ''[[Orange-billed nightingale-thrush|Turdus immaculatus]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=182 |title= Turdidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = Bonaparte, 1850
| subdivision_ranks = Species
}}

The genus '''''Catharus''''' is an evolutionary [[clade]] of forest-dwelling passerine birds in the family [[Thrush (bird)|Turdidae]] (thrushes), commonly known as '''nightingale-thrushes'''. The extant species are widely distributed across the Americas and are descended from a common ancestor that lived 4–6 million years ago.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Voelker|first1=Gary|last2=Bowie|first2=Rauri C. K.|last3=Klicka|first3=John|date=2013|title=Gene trees, species trees and Earth history combine to shed light on the evolution of migration in a model avian system|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.12305|journal=Molecular Ecology|language=en|volume=22|issue=12|pages=3333–3344|doi=10.1111/mec.12305|pmid=23710782|bibcode=2013MolEc..22.3333V |s2cid=28796611|issn=1365-294X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Most of the species are shy of humans, seldom leaving the cover of dense forest vegetation, where their activities are hidden from view. Thus, many fundamental aspects of their biology and life histories are poorly known.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goetz|first1=James E.|last2=McFarland|first2=Kent P.|last3=Rimmer|first3=Christopher C.|date=2003|title=Multiple Paternity and Multiple Male Feeders in Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4090275|journal=The Auk|volume=120|issue=4|pages=1044–1053|doi=10.2307/4090275|jstor=4090275|issn=0004-8038|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Halley|first1=Matthew R.|last2=Heckscher|first2=Christopher M.|last3=Kalavacharla|first3=Venugopal|date=2016-06-22|title=Multi-Generational Kinship, Multiple Mating, and Flexible Modes of Parental Care in a Breeding Population of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens), a Trans-Hemispheric Migratory Songbird|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=11|issue=6|pages=e0157051|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0157051|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4917174|pmid=27331399|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1157051H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Greeney|first1=Harold F.|last2=Dyrcz|first2=Andrzej|last3=Mikusek|first3=Romuald|last4=Port|first4=Jeff|date=2015-06-01|title=Cooperative Breeding at a Nest of Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrushes (Catharus fuscater)|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/wjo/article/127/2/323/179420/Cooperative-Breeding-at-a-Nest-of-Slaty-backed|journal=The Wilson Journal of Ornithology|language=en|volume=127|issue=2|pages=323–325|doi=10.1676/wils-127-02-323-325.1|s2cid=83730135|issn=1559-4491|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Nightingale-thrushes are small [[omnivorous]] songbirds that, like their sister species the [[wood thrush]] (''Hylocichla mustelina''), exhibit a variety of [[Migratory bird|migratory]] and non-migratory habits.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="wink">Winker, Kevin & Pruett, Christin L. (2006): "[http://www.uaf.edu/museum/bird/personnel/KWinker/Catharus%20Auk%202006.pdf Seasonal migration, speciation, and morphological convergence in the avian genus ''Catharus'' (Turdidae).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025135127/http://www.uaf.edu/museum/bird/personnel/KWinker/Catharus%20Auk%202006.pdf#|date=2007-10-25}}" ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' '''123'''(4): 1052-1068.  [[Digital Object Identifier|DOI]]: 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1052:SMSAMC]2.0.CO;2</ref> Multiple species are long-distance migrants that breed in North America and "winter" in the [[Neotropics]]. The breeding range of one migratory species, the [[Grey-cheeked thrush|gray-cheeked thrush]] (''C. minimus''), extends into eastern Siberia. The remainder of the migratory species are restricted to the Americas, notwithstanding occasional vagrant records in Europe<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hachenberg|first=Andreas|date=2017|title=Seltene Vogelarten in Baden-Württemberg 2015|url=https://docplayer.org/70176781-Seltene-vogelarten-in-baden-wuerttemberg-2015.html|journal=Ornithologische Gesellschaft Baden-Württemberg|volume=33|pages=115–127|via=}}</ref> and northeast Asia.<ref name="brazil">Brazil, Mark (2009) ''Birds of East Asia'' {{ISBN|978-0-7136-7040-0}} page 400 – 402</ref> The non-migratory species are residents of the [[Neotropical realm]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ortiz-Ramírez|first1=Marco F.|last2=Andersen|first2=Michael J.|last3=Zaldívar-Riverón|first3=Alejandro|last4=Ornelas|first4=Juan Francisco|last5=Navarro-Sigüenza|first5=Adolfo G.|date=2016-01-01|title=Geographic isolation drives divergence of uncorrelated genetic and song variation in the Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus frantzii; Aves: Turdidae)|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790315002481|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=94|issue=Pt A|pages=74–86|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.017|pmid=26302950|bibcode=2016MolPE..94...74O |issn=1055-7903|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tenorio|first1=Elkin A.|last2=Londoño|first2=Gustavo A.|date=2019-11-10|title=Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1708493|journal=Journal of Natural History|volume=53|issue=41–42|pages=2563–2578|doi=10.1080/00222933.2019.1708493|bibcode=2019JNatH..53.2563T |s2cid=213438119|issn=0022-2933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />