Editing Cell death (section)

{{short description|Biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions}}
{{for|the journal|Cell Death & Differentiation}}
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[[File:Signal transduction pathways.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in [[apoptosis]]]]

'''Cell death''' is the event of a [[biological cell]] ceasing to carry out its functions. This may be the result of the natural process of old cells dying and being replaced by new ones, as in [[programmed cell death]], or may result from factors such as [[disease]]s, localized [[injury]], or the death of the organism of which the cells are part. [[Apoptosis]] or Type I cell-death, and [[Autophagy (cellular)|autophagy]] or Type II cell-death are both forms of programmed cell death, while [[necrosis]] is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kern |first=Carina |last2=Bonventre |first2=Joseph V. |last3=Justin |first3=Alexander W. |last4=Kashani |first4=Kianoush |last5=Reynolds |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Siew |first6=Keith |last7=Davis |first7=Bill |last8=Karakoy |first8=Halime |last9=Grzesiak |first9=Nikodem |last10=Bailey |first10=Damian Miles |date=2025-05-29 |title=Necrosis as a fundamental driver of loss of resilience and biological decline: what if we could intervene? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41388-025-03431-y |journal=Oncogene |language=en |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1038/s41388-025-03431-y |issn=1476-5594}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Histology and Cell Biology – An Introduction to Pathology| vauthors = Kierszenbaum A |publisher= Elsevier Saunders |year=2012|location=Philadelphia }}</ref> 

The term "cell necrobiology" has been used to describe the life processes associated with morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes which predispose, precede, and accompany cell death, as well as the consequences and tissue response to cell death.<ref name="pmid31820165">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nirmala JG, Lopus M | title = Cell death mechanisms in eukaryotes | journal = Cell Biology and Toxicology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 145–164 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 31820165 | doi = 10.1007/s10565-019-09496-2 }}</ref> The word is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] νεκρό meaning "death", βìο meaning "life", and [[logos|λόγος]] meaning "the study of". The term was initially coined to broadly define investigations of the changes that accompany cell death,  detected and measured by multiparameter flow- and laser scanning- cytometry.<ref name="Darzynkiewicz_1997"/> It has been used to describe the real-time changes during cell death, detected by flow cytometry.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Warnes G, Martins S | title = Real-time flow cytometry for the kinetic analysis of oncosis | journal = Cytometry. Part A | volume = 79 | issue = 3 | pages = 181–191 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21254392 | doi = 10.1002/cyto.a.21022 | s2cid = 11691981 | doi-access = free }}</ref>