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{{Short description|Web browser}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox software | name = Cello WWW Browser | logo = Cello icon.gif | logo size = 32 | screenshot = Cello main page.png | screenshot size = 190 | caption = An [[Internet]] [[web browser|browser]] from the Cornell [[Legal Information Institute]]. | author = [[Thomas R. Bruce]] | developer = [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]] | released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1993|06|08}}<ref name=".1 beta release">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhumanities.org/humanist/Archives/Virginia/v07/0048.html|title=World Wibe Web Browser: Ms-Windows (Beta) (1/149)|last=Brennan|first=Elaine|date=13 June 1993|work=Humanist Archives Vol. 7|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-date=5 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605014308/http://www.digitalhumanities.org/humanist/Archives/Virginia/v07/0048.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | discontinued = yes | latest release version = 1.01a | latest release date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1994|04|16}} | programming language = [[C++]],<ref name="plans">{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0048.html|title=Plans for cello MS-Windows client|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=12 April 1993|publisher=Cornell Law School|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref> makes "heavy use of Borland Object Windows libraries"<ref name="internals">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/History/1993/WWW/Windows/Internals.html|title=Internals|year=1993|work=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|access-date=20 June 2010}}</ref> | operating system = [[Windows 3.1]] / [[Windows 3.11|3.11]], [[OS/2]],<ref name="ZimmermanEvans1996 OS2">{{Cite book|first1=Scott |last1=Zimmerman|first2=Tim |last2=Evans|title=Building an Intranet with Windows Nt 4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJGcvuzEzekC|access-date=28 March 2010|year=1996|publisher=Sams.net|isbn=978-1-57521-205-0|chapter=Chapter 1: Understanding Web Technologies |chapter-url=http://www.ssuet.edu.pk/taimoor/books/1-57521-137-8/ch1.htm}}</ref> [[Windows NT 3.5]]<ref name="nt35" /><ref name="nt35.2" /> | language = [[English language|English]] | size = 325 [[kilobytes|kb]] | genre = [[Web browser]] | license = [[Shareware]]/[[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] | website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981203074149/http://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/|title=www.law.cornell.edu}} }} '''Cello''' is an early, discontinued graphical [[web browser]] for [[Windows 3.1]]; it was developed by [[Thomas R. Bruce]] of the [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]]. It was released as [[shareware]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Clients.html|title=World Wide Web Clients |last=Sendall |first=Mike |date=29 March 1995|publisher=[[W3C]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="cello browser">{{cite web|title=The Cello Internet Browser|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/|date=9 April 1994|access-date=28 March 2010|publisher=[[Cornell Law School]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204115016/https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/ |archive-date=4 February 2005}}</ref> While other browsers ran on various [[Unix]] machines, Cello was the first [[web browser]] for [[Microsoft Windows]], using the [[winsock]] system to access the Internet.<ref name="maxpc">{{cite web|url=http://www.maximumpc.com/article/features/web_browsers|title=Surfing Since 1991: The Evolution of Web Browsers|last=Lilly|first=Paul|date=19 August 2009|publisher=[[MaximumPC]]|page=2|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225095842/http://www.maximumpc.com/article/features/web_browsers|archive-date=25 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk3.htm|title=3 World-Wide Web Browsers|last=Kelly|first=Brian |work=Running a WWW service|publisher=Computing Service, [[University of Leeds]]|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/lii.html|title=The Legal Information Institute - A Quick Overview |publisher=[[Legal Information Institute]], [[Cornell University Law School]]|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ron|first=Gustavson|date=August 1996|title=Browsing at large|journal=CD-ROM Professional|volume= 9 |issue= 8|pages=38, 3p|issn=1049-0833}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Notess|first= Greg R.|date=March–April 1995|title=COMPARING WEB BROWSERS: MOSAIC, CELLO, NETSCAPE, WINWEB AND INTERNETWORKS LITE |journal=Online|publisher=Academic Search Premier|volume= 19|issue= 2|pages=36, 4p|issn=0146-5422}}</ref><ref name="1st browser">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/geekend/?p=1248|title=Geek Trivia: Clear browser history|last=Garmon|first=Jay|date=15 April 2008|work=Geekend|publisher=TechRepublic|page=2|access-date=28 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420223329/http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/geekend/?p=1248|archive-date=20 April 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the basic Windows, Cello worked on [[Windows NT 3.5]]<ref name="nt35">{{cite web|url=http://www.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/~schwarze/nt/pppengl.htm|title=NT and NTAS INTERNET SLIP/PPP CONNECTIVITY FAQ|publisher=[[University Duisburg-Essen]]|access-date=28 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102611/http://www.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/~schwarze/nt/pppengl.htm|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="nt35.2">{{cite web|url=http://www.antionline.com/showthread.php?t=250711|title=Newbie Security Questions|last=Christopher|first=Klaus|orig-year=4 August 1997 |date=28 December 2003|publisher=Antionline Forums|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> and with small modifications on [[OS/2]].<ref name="os2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Metropoli BBS files - /software/OS2/NETWORKS/|url=http://files.mpoli.fi/software/OS2/NETWORKS/|access-date=2021-01-23|website=files.mpoli.fi}}</ref><ref name="Randall1994" /> Cello was created because of a demand for Web access by lawyers, who were more likely to use [[Microsoft Windows]] than the [[Unix]] [[operating system]]s supporting earlier Web browsers, including the first release of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]]. The lack of a Windows browser meant many legal experts were unable to access legal information made available in [[hypertext]] on the [[World Wide Web]].<ref name="maxpc" /><ref name="Living Internet">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Web Browser History|url=https://www.livinginternet.com/internet/w/wi_browse.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120213137/http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm|archive-date=20 January 2011|access-date=28 March 2010|website=|publisher=Living Internet}}</ref> Cello was popular during 1993/1994, but fell out of favor following the release of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] for Windows and [[Netscape Navigator|Netscape]], after which Cello development was abandoned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webtips.dan.info/brand-x/a-g.html|title="Brand-X" Browsers -- Alphabetical List: A-G|last=Tobias|first=Daniel R. |date= 23 December 2009|work=Dan's Web Tips|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://faeriekeeper.net/criteria11.htm|title=A Future of Browsers|year=2010|access-date=28 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130004413/http://faeriekeeper.net/criteria11.htm|archive-date=30 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="CanterSiegel1994">{{Cite book|first1=Laurence A. |last1=Canter|first2=Martha S. |last2=Siegel|title=How to make a fortune on the information superhighway: everyone's guerrilla guide to marketing on the Internet and other on-line services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XXwAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 March 2010|date=27 October 1994|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-0-06-270131-2|page=117}}</ref><ref name="tech trends">{{Cite journal|last=Descy|first=Don E.|date=September 1994|title=World-Wide Web: adding multimedia to cyberspace|journal=TechTrends|issue=39|pages=15–16|doi=10.1007/BF02818773|s2cid=61562129|issn=8756-3894}}</ref><ref name="windows web browser">{{Cite journal|last=Symoens|first=Jeffrey|date=June 1995|title=Windows Web browsers|journal=PC World|issue= 13|page=125|issn=0737-8939}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mosaic Quick Tour for Mac|last1=Branwyn|first1=Gareth|last2=Carton|first2=Sean|date=1 August 1995|publisher=Ventana Press|isbn=978-1566042154}}</ref><ref group="A">You can view yahoo browser statistics at https://web.archive.org/web/20021204042351/http://www.cen.uiuc.edu/~ejk/bryl/ which show Cello being used.</ref><ref name="Gay2000">{{Cite book|last=Gay|first=Martin|title=Recent advances and issues in computers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sv7N_JKMPl8C&pg=PA121|access-date=21 July 2010|date=1 June 2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-227-0|page=123}}</ref> Cello was first publicly released on 8 June 1993.<ref name=".1 beta release" /> A version 2.0 was announced, but development was abandoned. Version 1.01a, 16 April 1994, was the last public release.<ref name="best browser">{{Cite magazine|last1=Hastings|first1=Bryan |first2=Amy Helen |last2=Johnson|date=August 1996|title=Best web browser|magazine=[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]]|publisher=MasterFILE Premier|volume= 14|issue= 8|pages=136, 7p|issn=0737-8939}}</ref><ref name="Cello 2.0">{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/comments.html#CELLOINFO|title=Communicating with the LII |publisher=[[Cornell University Law School]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> Since then, the [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]] has licensed the Cello 2.0 source code, which has been used to develop [[commercial software]].<ref name="Cello 2.0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/papers/liirptf.htm|title=The Legal Information Institute - 1995-96 Activities and Future Plans|first1=Thomas R. |last1=Bruce|first2=Peter W. |last2=Martin|date=May 1996|publisher=[[Legal Information Institute]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.law.cornell.edu/blog/2008/06/16/did-you-know-2/|title=Did you know?|work=LII Announce|publisher=Cornell University Law School|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref> The browser is no longer available from its original homepage.<ref group="A">The original cello site at https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellotop.html is no longer up. The original ftp site at ftp://ftp.law.cornell.edu/pub/LII/Cello{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} is no longer up. The original gopher server at gopher.law.cornell.edu:70/11/listservs/cellol/ is no longer up.</ref> However, it can still be downloaded from [[Web mirror|mirror sites]].<ref group="A">Cello can still be downloaded at https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421165810/https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello |date=21 April 2021 }} .</ref>
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