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Chelation
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{{short description|Type of chemical bonding with metal ions}} {{About|sequestering agents in general|chemicals used in food processing|sequestrant|the isopod genus|Chelator (crustacean)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}} '''Chelation''' ({{IPAc-en|k|iː|ˈ|l|eɪ|ʃ|ən}}) is a type of bonding of [[ions]] and their molecules to metal ions. It involves the formation or presence of two or more separate [[coordinate bond]]s between a [[Denticity|polydentate]] (multiple bonded) [[ligand]] and a single central metal atom.<ref name="IUPAC">[http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01012.html IUPAC definition of chelation.]</ref><ref>Latin ''[[chela (organ)|chela]]'', from Greek, denotes a claw.</ref> These ligands are called chelants, chelators, chelating agents, or sequestering agents. They are usually [[organic compound]]s, but this is not a necessity. The word ''chelation'' is derived from [[Greek language|Greek]] χηλή, ''chēlē'', meaning "claw"; the ligands lie around the central atom like the claws of a [[crab]]. The term ''chelate'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|iː|l|eɪ|t}}) was first applied in 1920 by Sir [[Gilbert Thomas Morgan|Gilbert T. Morgan]] and [[Harry Dugald Keith Drew|H. D. K. Drew]], who stated: "The adjective chelate, derived from the great claw or ''chele'' (Greek) of the crab or other crustaceans, is suggested for the caliperlike groups which function as two associating units and fasten to the central atom so as to produce [[heterocyclic]] rings."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Gilbert T. |last2=Drew |first2=Harry Dugald Keith |name-list-style=vanc |title=CLXII.—Researches on residual affinity and co-ordination. Part II. Acetylacetones of selenium and tellurium |journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions |volume=117 |year=1920 |pages=1456–65 |doi=10.1039/ct9201701456 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429747}}</ref> Chelation is useful in applications such as providing nutritional supplements, in [[chelation therapy]] to remove toxic metals from the body, as [[contrast medium|contrast agents]] in [[MRI|MRI scanning]], in manufacturing using [[homogeneous catalyst]]s, in chemical [[water treatment]] to assist in the removal of metals, and in [[fertilizer]]s.
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