Editing Chemoreceptor trigger zone (section)

{{short description|Area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs for vomiting}}
The '''chemoreceptor trigger zone''' ('''CTZ''') is an area of the [[medulla oblongata]] that receives inputs from [[blood]]-borne [[drug]]s or [[hormone]]s, and communicates with other structures in the [[vomiting center]] to initiate [[vomiting]]. The CTZ is located within the [[area postrema]], which is on the floor of the [[fourth ventricle]] and is inside of the [[blood–brain barrier]].<ref name=location>{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Ansgar M. Brambrink, Jeffrey R. Kirsch|title=Essentials of neurosurgical anesthesia & critical care : strategies for prevention, early detection, and successful management of perioperative complications|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0387095615|page=716|edition=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hC714dO3WIC&pg=PA716|access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref> It is also part of the vomiting center itself.<ref name="Vomiting center">{{cite journal|last1=Pierre|first1=S.|last2=Whelan|first2=R.|title=Nausea and vomiting after surgery|journal=Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain|date=11 August 2012|volume=13|issue=1|pages=28–32|doi=10.1093/bjaceaccp/mks046|doi-access=free}}</ref> The [[neurotransmitter]]s implicated in the control of [[nausea]] and vomiting include [[acetylcholine]], [[dopamine]], [[histamine]] (H1 receptor), [[substance P]] (NK-1 receptor), and [[serotonin]] (5-HT3 receptor). There are also [[opioid receptor]]s present, which may be involved in the mechanism by which [[opiate]]s cause nausea and vomiting. The [[blood–brain barrier]] is not as developed here; therefore, drugs such as dopamine which cannot normally enter the [[Central nervous system|CNS]] may still stimulate the CTZ.<ref name="Miller">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miller AD, Leslie RA | date = Dec 1994 | title = The area postrema and vomiting | journal = Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology | volume = 15 | issue = 4| pages = 301–20 | doi = 10.1006/frne.1994.1012 | pmid = 7895890 | s2cid = 28944289 }}</ref>