Editing Chester (section)

{{short description|City in Cheshire, England}}
{{about|the city in England|other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Chester
| static_image_name = {{Photomontage
    | photo1a =Chester - Shops in city centre - 2005-10-09.jpg
    | photo2a = Blossom at Chester Cathedral (geograph 6118952).jpg
     | photo2b = Chester Town Hall (geograph 6469884).jpg
      | photo3a = Chester Roman Amphitheatre (geograph 6376074).jpg
       | photo3b = Chester Castle - geograph.org.uk - 4382223.jpg
       | position = center | size = 250 
       | color = white | spacing = 2
       | color_border = white
       }}
| static_image_caption = Clockwise from top: Eastgate Street, the [[Chester Town Hall|town hall]], [[Chester Castle|castle]], [[Chester Roman Amphitheatre|Roman amphitheatre]] and [[Chester Cathedral|cathedral]]
| static_image_2_name = [[File:Chester_coat_of_arms.png|100px]]
| static_image_2_caption = Coat of arms
| type = City
| coordinates = {{coord|53|11|29|N|2|53|25|W|type:city_region:GB-CHW|display=inline,title}}
| london_distance = {{convert|165|mi|km|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boulter.com/gps/distance/?from=53.1903+-2.8916&to=51.507+-0.127&units=m|title=Coordinate Distance Calculator|work=boulter.com|access-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309000904/http://boulter.com/gps/distance/?from=53.1903+-2.8916&to=51.507+-0.127&units=m|archive-date=9 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| london_direction = SE
| population = 
| population_ref = {{nowrap|92,760 (Built up area, 2021)<ref name=2021census>{{cite web |title=Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales/census2021 |website=Census 2021 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref>}}
| population_demonym = Cestrian
| unitary_england = [[Cheshire West and Chester]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[Cheshire]]
| region = North West England
| country = England
| constituency_westminster = [[Chester North and Neston (UK Parliament constituency)|Chester North and Neston]]
| constituency_westminster1 = [[Chester South and Eddisbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Chester South and Eddisbury]]
| post_town = CHESTER
| postcode_district = CH1–4
| postcode_area = CH
| dial_code = 01244
| os_grid_reference = SJ405665
| parts_type = Areas of the city
| p1 = [[Abbot's Meads]]
| p2 = [[Blacon]]
| p3 = [[Boughton, Cheshire|Boughton]]
| p4 = [[Boughton Heath]]
| p5 = [[Caughall]] (Village)
| p6 = [[Christleton]] (Village)
| p7 = City Centre
| p8 = [[Curzon Park]]
| p9 = [[Great Boughton]]
| p10 = [[Handbridge]]
| p11 = [[Hoole]]
| p12 = [[Huntington, Cheshire|Huntington]]
| p13 = [[Lache]]
| p14 = [[Moston, Cheshire West and Chester|Moston]] (Village)
| p15 = [[Newton, Chester|Newton]]
| p16 = [[Piper's Ash]]
| p17 = [[Saltney]] (Town) (Part)
| p18 = [[Sealand, Cheshire|Sealand]] (Village) (Part)
| p19 = The Dale
| p20 = [[Upton-by-Chester]]
| p21 = Upton Heath
| p22 = [[Vicars Cross]]
| p23 = [[Westminster Park]]
}}

'''Chester''' is a [[cathedral city]] in [[Cheshire]], England, on the [[River Dee, Wales|River Dee]], close to the [[England–Wales border]]. With a built-up area population of 92,760 in 2021,<ref name=2021census /> it is the most populous settlement in the borough of [[Cheshire West and Chester]]. It is also the historic [[county town]] of Cheshire and the [[List of Cheshire settlements by population|second-largest settlement in Cheshire]] after [[Warrington]].

Chester was founded in 79 AD as a "[[Castra|castrum]]" or [[Roman Empire|Roman]] fort with the name [[Deva Victrix]] during the reign of [[Emperor Vespasian]]. One of the main army camps in [[Roman Britain]], Deva later became a major civilian settlement. In 689, [[Æthelred of Mercia|King Æthelred of Mercia]] founded the Minster Church of West Mercia, which later became Chester's first cathedral, and the [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] extended and strengthened the walls to protect the city against the [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]]. Chester was one of the last cities in England to [[Norman conquest of England|fall]] to the [[Normans]], and [[William the Conqueror]] ordered the construction of a castle to dominate the town and the nearby Welsh border. Chester was granted [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] in 1541.

The [[Chester city walls|city walls of Chester]] are some of the best-preserved in the country and have [[Listed building|Grade I listed]] status. Apart from a {{convert|100|m|adj=on}} section, the walls are almost complete.<ref name=m43 /> It has several medieval buildings. However, many of the black-and-white buildings within the city centre are [[Victorian era|Victorian]] restorations, originating from the [[Black-and-white Revival architecture|Black-and-white Revival]] movement.<ref>{{harvnb|Pevsner|Hubbard|2003|pp=130–131}}</ref> The [[Industrial Revolution]] brought railways, canals, and new roads to the city, which saw substantial expansion and development; [[Chester Town Hall]] and the [[Grosvenor Museum]] are examples of [[Victorian architecture]] from this period. Tourism, the retail industry, public administration, and financial services are important to the modern economy. Chester signs itself as ''Chester International Heritage City'' on road signs on the main roads entering the city.<ref>Morris, C. M., [https://chestercivictrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/50th-Anniversary-Historic-Towns-Studies-V4.pdf 50th Anniversary of the Historic Towns Studies, 1969–2019: Chester], Chester Civic Trust, published September 2019, accessed 10 June 2022</ref>