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{{short description|American Indian tribe from the Great Plains}} {{About|the Native American people|the capital city of Wyoming|Cheyenne, Wyoming|other uses|Cheyenne (disambiguation)}} {{Distinguish|Cayenne}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Cheyenne | image = | population = 22,970<br /> (Northern: 10,840;<ref name="Northern Cheyenne Tribe website">{{Cite web|url = http://www.cheyennenation.com/|title = Northern Cheyenne Tribe website|access-date = November 11, 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110202173827/http://cheyennenation.com/|archive-date = February 2, 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref> Southern: 12,130<ref name=OIA>Oklahoma Indian Affairs. [http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211145522/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html |date=2009-02-11 }} 2008:7</ref>) | popplace = [[United States]] ([[Montana]], [[Oklahoma]]) | langs = [[Cheyenne language|Cheyenne]], [[English language|English]], [[Plains Indian Sign Language|Plains Sign Talk]] | rels = [[Native American religion|Traditional tribal religion]], [[Native American Church]], and [[Christianity]] | related = [[Arapaho]], [[Blackfoot]], Suhtai, and other [[Algonquian peoples]] }} The '''Cheyenne''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|aɪ|ˈ|æ|n|,_|ʃ|aɪ|ˈ|ɛ|n}} {{respell|shy|AN|,_|shy|EN}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Cheyenne|title=Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster|access-date=April 27, 2025|archive-date=January 16, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116200507/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Cheyenne|url-status=live}}</ref> are an [[Indigenous people of the Great Plains]]. The Cheyenne comprise two [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes, the '''Só'taeo'o''' or '''Só'taétaneo'o''' (more commonly spelled as '''Suhtai''' or '''Sutaio''') and the {{lang|chy|'''Tsétsėhéstȧhese'''}} (also spelled '''Tsitsistas''', {{IPA|chy|t͡sɪt͡shɪstʰɑs|}}<ref name=ohs>[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH030.html "Cheyenne, Southern."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228093233/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH030.html |date=2009-02-28 }} ''Oklahoma History Center's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' Retrieved 3 July 2013.</ref>); the tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two [[federally recognized tribe|federally recognized nations]]: the [[Southern Cheyenne]], who are enrolled in the [[Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes]] in [[Oklahoma]], and the [[Northern Cheyenne]], who are enrolled in the [[Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation]] in [[Montana]]. The [[Cheyenne language]] belongs to the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language family]]. Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles from [[Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands|Great Lakes woodlands]] to [[Plains Indians|Northern Plains]] and by the mid-19th century, the US government forced them onto reservations. At the time of their first European contact in the 16th century, the Cheyenne lived in what is now [[Minnesota]]. They were close allies of the [[Arapaho]] and loosely aligned with the [[Lakota people|Lakota]]. By the early 18th century, they were forced west by other tribes across the [[Missouri River]] and into [[North Dakota|North]] and [[South Dakota]],<ref name=ohs/> where they adopted the [[horse culture]]. Having settled the [[Black Hills]] of South Dakota and the [[Powder River Country]] of present-day Montana and Wyoming, they introduced the horse culture to Lakota people around 1730. The main group of Cheyenne, the Tsêhéstáno, was once composed of ten bands that spread across the Great Plains from southern [[Colorado]] to the Black Hills in South Dakota. They fought their historic enemies, the [[Crow Nation|Crow]] and later (1856–79) the [[United States Army]]. In the mid-19th century, the bands began to split, with some bands choosing to remain near the Black Hills, while others chose to remain near the [[Platte River]]s of central Colorado. With the [[Arapaho]], the Cheyenne pushed the [[Kiowa]] to the Southern Plains. In turn, they were pushed west by the more numerous [[Lakota people|Lakota]].<ref>Walker, James R. & DeMallie, Raymond J. "Lakota Society" 1992.</ref> The Northern Cheyenne, known in Cheyenne either as '''Notameohmésėhese,''' meaning "Northern Eaters" (or simply as '''Ohmésėhese''' meaning "Eaters"), live in southeastern Montana on the [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation]]. Tribal enrollment figures, as of late 2014, indicate that there are approximately 10,840 members, of which about 4,939 reside on the reservation. Approximately 91% of the population are Native Americans (full or part race), with 72.8% identifying themselves as Cheyenne. Slightly more than one-quarter of the population five years or older spoke a language other than English.<ref name ="Cheyenne Tribe website">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cheyennenation.com/ |title=Northern Cheyenne Tribe website |access-date=2009-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202173827/http://cheyennenation.com/ |archive-date=2011-02-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Southern Cheyenne]], known in Cheyenne as '''Heévâhetaneo'o''' meaning "Roped People", together with the Southern Arapaho, form the [[Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes]], in western Oklahoma. Their combined population is 12,130, {{as of|2008|lc=y}}.<ref name="OIA"/> In 2003, approximately 8,000 of these identified themselves as Cheyenne, although with continuing intermarriage it has become increasingly difficult to separate the tribes.<ref name=ohs/> [[File:Gilcrease - Cheyenne Beaded Dress.jpg|thumb|upright|Cheyenne hide dress, {{circa| 1920}}, [[Gilcrease Museum]]]] [[File:Woolaroc - Cheyenne-Shirt.jpg|thumb|upright|Cheyenne beaded hide shirt, [[Woolaroc]]]] [[File:Cheyenne model teepee 1860.jpg|thumb|Cheyenne model tipi, buffalo hide, 1860]]
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