Editing Chipko movement (section)

{{Short description|1970s Indian forest conservation movement}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Redirect|Tree hugging||Tree hugger (disambiguation){{!}}Tree hugger}}
[[File:Chipko Andolan 4.jpg|thumb|A Chipko protester at a development project in [[Pune]]]]
The '''Chipko movement''' ({{langx|hi|चिपको आन्दोलन|lit=hugging movement}}) is a forest [[conservation movement]] in India. Opposed to commercial logging and the government's policies on deforestation, protesters in the 1970s engaged in '''tree hugging''', wrapping their arms around trees so that they could not be felled.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badri |first=Adarsh |date=2024-02-05 |title=Feeling for the Anthropocene: affective relations and ecological activism in the global South |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae010 |journal=International Affairs |doi=10.1093/ia/iiae010 |issn=0020-5850|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Today, beyond its [[eco-socialist]] reputation, the movement is seen increasingly as an [[ecofeminist]] one. Although many of its leaders were men, women had a much more significant participation, as they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation,<ref name="vand">[https://books.google.com/books?id=GPaA4Nb0w0YC&dq=Chipko+movement&pg=PA67 The women of Chipko] ''Staying alive: ecology, and development'', by [[Vandana Shiva]], Published by Zed Books, 1988. {{ISBN|0-86232-823-3}}. ''Page 67''</ref> which led to a lack of firewood, fodder and water for drinking and [[irrigation]]. Over the years they also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement.<ref name="jeff">[https://books.google.com/books?id=wJeqIsUmD9gC&dq=Chipko&pg=PA229 The Chipko Movement] ''Politics in the developing world: a concise introduction'', by Jeffrey Haynes. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. {{ISBN|0-631-22556-0}}. ''Page 229''.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4soOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Chipko+movement&pg=PA112 Chipko Movement] ''The Future of the Environment: The Social Dimensions of Conservation and Ecological Alternatives'', by David C. Pitt. Published by Routledge, 1988. {{ISBN|0-415-00455-1}}. ''Page 112''.</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=[Studying Chipko Movement&nbsp;–&nbsp;]&emsp;Pakistani Women Visit India's Environmental NGOs |first1=Irene |last1=Dankelman |first2=Joan |last2=Davidson |title=Women and Environment in the Third World: Alliance for the Future |location=London |publisher=[[Earthscan]] |year=1988 |oclc=17547228 |isbn=1-85383-003-8 |page=129 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NI3f58UkxZgC |access-date=25 September 2013}}</ref> In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the [[Right Livelihood Award]] "for its dedication to the conservation, restoration and ecologically-sound use of India's natural resources".<ref name=right>[http://www.rightlivelihood.org/chipko.html Chipko] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223206/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/chipko.html |date=3 March 2016 }} ''[[Right Livelihood Award]]'' Official website.</ref>