Editing Chorionic villus sampling (section)

{{Short description|Type of prenatal diagnosis done to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus}}
{{Infobox medical intervention
| Name        = Chorionic villus sampling 
| Image       = Chorionic villi - high mag.jpg
| Caption     = [[Micrograph]] showing chorionic villi—the tissue that is collected in CVS. [[H&E stain]].
| ICD10       = 16603-00 
| ICD9        = 75.33 
| MedlinePlus = 003406
| MeshID      = D015193 
| Synonyms  = CVS
}}

'''Chorionic villus sampling''' ('''CVS'''), sometimes called "chorionic ''villous'' sampling" (as "villous" is the adjectival form of the word "villus"),<ref>A [[PubMed]] search yields 168 papers using ''chorionic villous'' as of June 15, 2011.</ref> is a form of [[prenatal diagnosis]] done to determine [[chromosomal abnormalities|chromosomal]] or [[genetic disorders]] in the [[fetus]]. It entails [[sampling (medicine)|sampling]] of the [[chorionic villus]]                              ([[placenta]]l tissue) and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities, usually with [[Fluorescence in situ hybridization|FISH]] or [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]. CVS usually takes place at 10–12 weeks' gestation, earlier than [[amniocentesis]] or [[percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling]]. It is the preferred technique before 15 weeks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Alfirevic |first=Z. |last2=Sundberg |first2=K. |last3=Brigham |first3=S. |date=2003 |editor-last=Alfirevic |editor-first=Zarko |title=Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=3 |pages=CD003252 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003252 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=4171981 |pmid=12917956}}</ref>

CVS was performed for the first time in [[Milan]] by Italian biologist [[Giuseppe Simoni]], scientific director of [[Biocell Center]], in 1983.<ref name="Lancet">{{Cite journal |last=Brambati |first=B. |last2=Simoni |first2=G. |year=1983 |title=Diagnosis of fetal trisomy 21 in first trimester |journal=The Lancet |volume=1 |issue=8324 |pages=586 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92831-3 |pmid=6131275 |s2cid=42553451}}</ref>
Use as early as eight weeks in special circumstances has been described.<ref name="pmid12066086">{{Cite journal |last=Wapner |first=Ronald J. |last2=Evans |first2=Mark I. |last3=Davis |first3=George |last4=Weinblatt |first4=Vivian |last5=Moyer |first5=Sue |last6=Krivchenia |first6=Eric L. |last7=Jackson |first7=Laird G. |year=2002 |title=Procedural risks versus theology: Chorionic villus sampling for Orthodox Jews at less than 8 weeks' gestation |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=186 |issue=6 |pages=1133–6 |doi=10.1067/mob.2002.122983 |pmid=12066086}}</ref> It can be performed in a transcervical or transabdominal manner.<ref name=":0" /> Although this procedure is mostly associated with testing for [[Down syndrome]], overall, CVS can detect more than 200 disorders.<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|003406|Chorionic villus sampling}}</ref>