Editing Christianity and Islam (section)

{{Short description|Relationship between Christianity and Islam}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Christianity|expanded=hide}}
{{Islam|expanded=hide}}
{{Islam and other religions}}
[[File:Cathédrale d'Amiens, façade - détail.JPG|thumb|right|A [[relief]] depicting the [[final judgement]] of sinners by [[Jesus]] at [[Amiens Cathedral]], [[France]]. The divinity of Jesus is an important aspect differentiating the two faiths.]]
'''Christianity and Islam''' are the two largest religions in the world, with approximately 2.3 billion and 1.8 billion adherents, respectively.<ref name="Pew Research Center-1">{{Cite web |title=World's largest religion by population is still Christianity |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/05/christians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe/ |access-date=1 January 2020 |website=Pew Research Center |date=5 April 2017}}</ref> Both religions are [[Abrahamic]] and [[monotheism|monotheistic]], having originated in the [[Middle East]].

[[Christianity]] [[Split of early Christianity and Judaism|developed]] out of [[Second Temple Judaism]] in the 1st century CE. It is founded on the life, teachings, [[Death of Jesus|death]], and [[Resurrection of Jesus|resurrection]] of [[Jesus Christ]], and those who follow it are called [[Christians]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patheos.com/library/christianity|title=Christianity Origins, Christianity History, Christianity Beliefs|website=www.patheos.com}}</ref> [[Islam]] developed in the 7th century CE. It is founded on the teachings of [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]], as an expression of surrendering to the [[will of God]]. Those who follow it are called [[Muslims]] (meaning "submitters to [[God in Islam|God]]").<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|author1=Gardet, L. |author2= J. Jomier|title=Islām| year= 2012 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam| edition=2nd|publisher=Brill |editor1=P. Bearman|editor2= Th. Bianquis|editor3= C.E. Bosworth|editor4= E. van Donzel|editor5= W.P. Heinrichs|doi= 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_038|doi-broken-date= 1 November 2024}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Bravmann|first=M. M.|title=Studies in Semitic Philology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ebj45xm6r_4C|year=1977|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-04743-3|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ebj45xm6r_4C&pg=PA441&dq=aslama 441]}}</ref>

Muslims view Christians to be [[People of the Book]], but may also regard them as committing [[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]] because of the doctrines of the [[Trinity]] and the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|Incarnation]]. Christians are traditionally classified as [[dhimmi|dhimmis]] paying [[jizya]] under [[Sharia|Sharia law]]. [[Christianity and other religions|Christians similarly possess a wide range of views about Islam]]. The majority of Christians view Islam as a [[Apostasy in Christianity|false religion]] because its adherents reject the Trinity, the [[Jesus in Islam|divinity of Christ]], [[Crucifixion of Jesus|the Crucifixion]] and [[Resurrection of Christ]].

Like Christianity, Islam considers Jesus to be ''[[Messiah#Islam|al-Masih]]'' (Arabic for the [[Messiah]]) who was sent to guide the [[Israelites|Banī Isrā'īl]] (Arabic for Children of Israel) with a new revelation: ''[[Gospel in Islam|al-Injīl]]'' (Arabic for "the [[The gospel|Gospel]]").<ref>{{cite book|last=Glassé|first=Cyril|title=The new encyclopedia of Islam, with introduction by Huston Smith|year=2001|publisher=AltaMira Press|location=Walnut Creek, CA|isbn=9780759101906|page=239|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA240|edition=Édition révisée.}}</ref><ref name="Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them">{{cite book|last1=McDowell, Jim|first1=Josh|last2=Walker|first2=Jim|date=2002|title=Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfvgAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT12|location=Euguen, Oregon|publisher=Harvest House Publishers|page=12|isbn=9780736949910}}</ref><ref>[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]], p.158</ref> But while belief in Jesus is a fundamental tenet of both, a critical distinction far more central to most Christian faiths is that Jesus is the incarnated God, specifically, one of the [[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|hypostases]] of the [[Trinity|Triune God]], [[God the Son]].

While Christianity and Islam hold their recollections of Jesus's teachings as gospel and share narratives from the first five books of the Old Testament (the Hebrew Bible), the sacred text of Christianity also includes the later additions to the [[Bible]] while the primary sacred text of Islam instead is the [[Quran]]. Muslims believe that ''[[Gospel in Islam|al-Injīl]]'' was distorted or altered to form the Christian New Testament. Christians, on the contrary, do not have a univocal understanding of the Quran, though most believe that it is fabricated or [[apocrypha]]l work. There are similarities in both texts, such as accounts of the life and works of Jesus and the [[virgin birth of Jesus]] through [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]]; yet still, some Biblical and Quranic accounts of these events differ.