Editing Cimbasso (section)

{{good article}}
{{Short description|Contrabass valved brass instrument}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name           = Cimbasso
| image          = WANZ Instrument 2024-09 IMG 7815 (white crop).png
| image_capt     = A modern cimbasso in F
| background     = brass
| classification = {{hlist
    | [[Wind instrument|Wind]]
    | [[Brass instrument|Brass]]
    | [[Aerophone]]
  }}
| hornbostel_sachs = 423.233.2
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Valved aerophone sounded by lip vibration with cylindrical bore longer than 2 metres
| developed      = early 19th century, in Italian opera orchestras; modern design emerged mid 20th century
| range          = <div style="text-align: center; background-color: white;">
  <score lang="lilypond">
    {
      \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }
      \clef bass \key c \major \cadenzaOn
      \arpeggioBracket <b,, g'>1 \arpeggio ^ \markup "early"
      \once \hide r1
      \ottava #-1 \tweak font-size #-2 c,,1 \finger \markup \text "poss." ^ \markup "modern"
      \ottava #0 \arpeggioBracket <e,, g'>1 \arpeggio
    }
  </score></div> The range of the early cimbasso (see [[Serpent (instrument)|serpent]], [[ophicleide]]){{sfn|Meucci|1996|p=155–6}} and modern cimbasso in F
| related        = {{hlist
    | [[Contrabass trombone]]
    | [[Tuba]]
    | [[Upright serpent]]
    | [[Ophicleide]]
  }}
| musicians      = {{hlist
    | {{Ill|Mattis Cederberg|sv}}
    | [[James Gourlay]]
    | Per–Åke Holmlander
    | [[Tommy Johnson (tubist)|Tommy Johnson]]
    | [[Jim Self]]
    | Doug Tornquist
  }}
| builders       = {{hlist
    | [[V. F. Červený & Synové|Červený]]
    | G&P (formerly Kalison)
    | Haag
    | Helmut Voigt
    | Jürgen Voigt
    | Lätzsch
    | [[Melton Meinl Weston]]
    | Mike Johnson Custom
    | Rudolf Meinl
    | Thein
    | Wessex
  }}<ref name="manufacturers"/>
| articles       = 
}}
The '''cimbasso''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|tʃ|ɪ|m|ˈ|b|ɑː|s|əʊ}} {{respell|chim|BAH|soh}}, {{IPA|it|tʃimˈbaso|lang}}) is a [[contrabass|low]] [[brass instrument]] that covers the same range as a [[tuba]] or [[contrabass trombone]]. First appearing in [[Italy]] in the early 19th century as an [[upright serpent]], the term ''cimbasso'' came to denote several instruments that could play the lowest [[brass section|brass part]] in 19th century [[Italian opera]] [[orchestra]]s. The modern cimbasso design, first appearing as the {{lang|it|trombone basso Verdi}} in the 1880s, has four to six [[rotary valve|rotary]] [[brass instrument valve|valves]] (or occasionally [[piston valve]]s), a forward-facing [[bell (wind instrument)|bell]], and a predominantly [[cylindrical bore]]. These features lend its sound to the bass of the [[trombone]] family rather than the tuba, and its valves allow for more agility than a [[contrabass trombone]]. Like the modern contrabass trombone, it is most often pitched in F, although models are occasionally made in E♭ and low C or B♭.

In the modern orchestra, cimbasso parts are usually played by tuba players as a [[Multi-instrumentalist|doubling]] instrument. Although most commonly used for performances of late [[Romanticism|Romantic]] Italian opera, it has since found increased and more diverse use. Jazz musician {{Ill|Mattis Cederberg|sv}} uses cimbasso in [[big band]]s and as a solo instrument. Cimbasso is now commonly called for in [[film score|film]] and [[video game music|video game]] [[soundtrack]]s. [[Los Angeles]] tuba players [[Tommy Johnson (tubist)|Tommy Johnson]], Doug Tornquist and [[Jim Self]] have featured on many Hollywood recordings playing cimbasso, particularly since the popularisation of loud, low-brass heavy orchestral soundtracks.