Editing Cingulate cortex (section)

{{Short description|Part of the limbic lobe of the brain cortex}}
{{Infobox brain
| Name            = Cingulate cortex
| Latin           = cortex cingularis, gyrus cinguli
| Image           = Gray727 cingulate gyrus.png
| Caption         = Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere, with cingulate gyrus and cingulate sulcus highlighted.
| IsPartOf        = [[Cerebral cortex]]
| Components      =
| Artery          = [[Anterior cerebral artery|Anterior cerebral]]
| Vein            = [[Superior sagittal sinus]]
| Acronym         = Cg
}}
[[File:MRI cingulate cortex.png|thumb|alt=Sagittal MRI slice with highlighting indicating location of the cingulate cortex.|Sagittal MRI slice with highlighting indicating location of the cingulate cortex.]]
[[File:Gray743 cingulate gyrus.png|thumb|250px|[[Coronal section]] of brain. Cingulate cortex is shown in yellow.]]
The '''cingulate cortex''' is a part of the [[brain]] situated in the medial aspect of the [[cerebral cortex]]. The cingulate cortex includes the entire '''cingulate gyrus'''<!--term redirects here-->, which lies immediately above the [[corpus callosum]], and the continuation of this in the [[cingulate sulcus]]. The cingulate cortex is usually considered part of the [[limbic lobe]].

It receives inputs from the [[thalamus]] and the [[neocortex]], and projects to the [[entorhinal cortex]] via the [[cingulum (anatomy)|cingulum]]. It is an integral part of the [[limbic system]], which is involved with emotion formation and processing,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hadland|first=K. A.|author2=Rushworth M.F.|title=The effect of cingulate lesions on social behaviour and emotion|journal=Neuropsychologia|year=2003|volume=41|issue=8|pages=919–931|doi=10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00325-1|pmid=12667528|s2cid=16475051|display-authors=etal}}</ref> learning,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cingulate binds learning|journal=Trends Cogn Sci|year=1997|volume=1|issue=1|page=2|doi=10.1016/s1364-6613(97)85002-4|pmid=21223838|s2cid=33697898}}</ref> and memory.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kozlovskiy|first=S. |author2=Vartanov A. |author3=Pyasik M. |author4=Nikonova E. |author5=Velichkovsky B. |title=Anatomical Characteristics of Cingulate Cortex and Neuropsychological Memory Tests Performance|journal=Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences|date=10 October 2013|volume=86|pages=128–133|doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.537|doi-access=free}}<!--|access-date=24 December 2013--></ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Kozlovskiy|first=S.A.|author2=Vartanov A.V.|author3=Nikonova E.Y.|author4=Pyasik M.M.|author5=Velichkovsky B.M.|title=The Cingulate Cortex and Human Memory Processes|journal=Psychology in Russia: State of the Art|year=2012|volume=5|pages=231–243|doi=10.11621/pir.2012.0014|doi-access=free}}<!--|access-date=24 December 2013--></ref> The combination of these three functions makes the cingulate gyrus highly influential in linking motivational outcomes to behavior (e.g. a certain action induced a positive emotional response, which results in learning).<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hayden | first1 = B. Y. | last2 = Platt | first2 = M. L. | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4874-09.2010 | title = Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex Information about Reward and Action | journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 30 | issue = 9 | pages = 3339–3346 | year = 2010 | pmid =  20203193| pmc =2847481 }}</ref> This role makes the cingulate cortex highly important in disorders such as [[Major depressive disorder|depression]]<ref name="Drevets 2008">{{Cite journal | last1 = Drevets | first1 = W. C. | last2 = Savitz | first2 = J. | last3 = Trimble | first3 = M. | title = The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorders | journal = CNS Spectrums | volume = 13 | issue = 8 | pages = 663–681 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18704022 | pmc = 2729429 | doi=10.1017/s1092852900013754}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> and [[schizophrenia]].<ref name="Adams 2007">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.87 | last1 = Adams | first1 = R. | last2 = David | first2 = A. S. | title = Patterns of anterior cingulate activation in schizophrenia: A selective review | journal = Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 87–101 | year = 2007 | pmid = 19300540 | pmc = 2654525 | doi-access = free }}</ref> It also plays a role in [[executive function]] and respiratory control.

[[File:Gray727-Brodman.png|thumb|right|Brodmann areas of a medial section of the right hemisphere.]]