Editing Circle-Vision 360° (section)

{{Short description|Theater-in-the-round attraction}}
[[File:360° Kino im Nationalparkzentrum Hohe Tauern. 04.jpg|thumb|249x249px|View of the 360-degree cinema (Mittersill, Austria)]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}
[[File:Circle Vision 3D Camera.jpg|249x249px|thumb|A Circarama 360° camera rig, using 16 mm cameras, displayed at the [[Walt Disney Family Museum]].]]
'''Circle-Vision 360°''' is a [[list of motion picture film formats|film format]] developed by [[The Walt Disney Company]] that uses projection screens which encircle the audience.<ref name=story>{{cite book |last1=Gennawey |first1=Sam |title=The Disneyland Story: The Unofficial Guide to the Evolution of Walt Disney's Dream |date=2014 |publisher=Keen Communications |isbn=978-1-62809-012-3 |pages=108–109}}</ref>

Circle-Vision 360° developed from the '''Circarama''' format, which uses eleven 16&nbsp;mm projectors.<ref name="Sherlock">{{cite web |last1=Sherlock |first1=Daniel J. |title=''Wide Screen Movies'' Corrections |url=http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/WSMC20.pdf |access-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080309094629/http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/WSMC20.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2008 |pages=19–20 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Encyc">{{cite book |last1=Strodder |first1=Chris |title=The Disneyland Encyclopedia |date=2017 |publisher=Santa Monica Press |isbn=978-1595800909 |edition=3rd |pages=120–122}}</ref> The first Circarama film was ''A Tour of the West'' (1955).<ref name="Sherlock" /><ref name="D23">{{cite web |title=Circle-Vision/Circarama |url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/circle-visioncircarama/ |website=[[D23 (Disney)|D23]] |publisher=The Walt Disney Company|access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref> For the film ''[[Italia '61]]'', the number of cameras was reduced to nine, and the 16&nbsp;mm film was shown using 35&nbsp;mm projectors.<ref name="Sherlock"/><ref name="Encyc" /><ref name= "D23" /> In 1965, Circle-Vision 360° made its official debut, in a nine-camera, 35&nbsp;mm format.<ref name="Sherlock" /><ref name="D23" /> At least one reason for the renaming from Circarama was objections by the owners of [[Cinerama]] to the similarity between the two names.<ref name="StW">{{cite web |title=Circle-Vision 360° |url=https://www.skywaytowonderland.com/circle-vision-360/ |website=Skyway to Wonderland |access-date=August 21, 2022 |date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>

In both the Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° formats, the screens are arranged in a circle around the audience, with small gaps between the screens. The number of screens (eleven or nine) being odd results in a gap being opposite of each screen in the circle. The projectors are placed in these gaps, above the heads of the viewers. Railings are sometimes provided to steady the audience members while viewing the film. The cameras and projection systems for both Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° were designed by longtime Disney animator and visual effects pioneer [[Ub Iwerks]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Iwerks, Don|title=Walt Disney's ultimate inventor: the genius of Ub Iwerks|date=December 10, 2019|isbn=978-1-4847-4337-9|edition=First hardcover|location=Los Angeles|oclc=1133108493}}</ref> Circle-Vision 360° cameras have been mounted on top of automobiles for travelog scenes. For ''[[The Timekeeper]]'' (1992), static cameras and [[computer-generated imagery|CGI effects]] were used.<ref name="Encyc"/>

At one time, every one of the [[Disney Parks, Experiences and Products#Disney resorts|Disney Resorts]] then open had at least one Circle-Vision 360° theater.<ref name="StW" /> The [[Epcot]] theme park has the only two still operating as of 2025.<ref name="StW"/>{{efn|A third theater at Epcot shows ''[[Impressions de France]]'' (1982), which was shot using five cameras, and is projected on screens comprising 200° of a circle.<ref name="Sherlock" /><ref name="StW" />}} Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° films have also been featured at various [[world's fair]]s.<ref name="D23" /><ref name="StW" />