Editing Circulatory system (section)

{{short description|Organ system for circulating blood in animals}}
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{{redirect-several|dab=no|Bloodstream (song)|Cardio-Vascular (album)}}
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{{Use British English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Circulatory system
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| Image       = Circulatory System en.svg
| Caption     = The human circulatory system (simplified). Red indicates [[oxygenated blood]] carried in [[Artery|arteries]]. Blue indicates [[deoxygenated blood]] carried in [[vein]]s. [[Capillary|Capillaries]] join the arteries and veins.
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| Lymph       =
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In [[vertebrate]]s, the '''circulatory system''' is a [[organ system|system of organs]] that includes the [[heart]], [[blood vessel]]s, and [[blood]] which is circulated throughout the body.<ref name="Hall">{{cite book |last=Hall |first=John E. |title=Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology |date=2011 |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |isbn=9781416045748 |page=4 |edition=Twelfth}}</ref><ref name="Saladin2">{{cite book |last=Saladin |first=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |page=520 |edition=3rd}}</ref> It includes the '''cardiovascular system''', or '''vascular system''', that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek {{lang|el|kardia}} meaning ''heart'', and Latin {{lang|la|vascula}} meaning ''vessels''). The circulatory system has two divisions, a [[systemic circulation|systemic circulation or circuit]], and a [[pulmonary circulation|pulmonary circulation or circuit]].<ref name="Saladin3"/> Some sources use the terms ''cardiovascular system'' and ''vascular system'' interchangeably with ''circulatory system''.<ref name=ncbibooks>{{cite book |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279250/ |title=How does the blood circulatory system work? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf |date=31 January 2019 |publisher=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care |accessdate= |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129064012/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279250/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The network of blood vessels are the [[great vessels]] of the heart including large [[elastic arteries]], and large [[vein]]s; other arteries, smaller [[arteriole]]s, [[capillaries]] that join with [[venule]]s (small veins), and other veins. The [[Closed circulatory system|circulatory system is closed]] in vertebrates, which means that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels. Many [[invertebrate]]s such as [[arthropod]]s have an [[open circulatory system]] with a heart that pumps a hemolymph which returns via the body cavity rather than via blood vessels. [[Diploblast]]s such as [[sponges]] and [[comb jellies]] lack a circulatory system.

Blood is a [[Body fluid|fluid]] consisting of [[blood plasma|plasma]], [[red blood cell]]s, [[white blood cell]]s, and [[platelets]]; it is circulated around the body carrying [[oxygen]] and [[nutrient]]s to the tissues and collecting and disposing of [[Metabolic waste|waste materials]]. Circulated nutrients include [[Protein (nutrient)|proteins]] and [[Mineral (nutrient)|minerals]] and other components include  [[hemoglobin]], [[hormone]]s, and [[gas]]es such as oxygen and  [[carbon dioxide]]. These substances provide nourishment, help the [[immune system]] to fight [[diseases]], and help maintain [[homeostasis]] by [[Thermoregulation|stabilizing temperature]] and [[pH#pH of various body fluids|natural pH]].

In vertebrates, the [[lymphatic system]] is complementary to the circulatory system. The lymphatic system carries excess plasma ([[Capillary filtration|filtered]] from the circulatory system [[capillaries]] as [[interstitial fluid]] between cells) away from the body tissues via accessory routes that return excess fluid back to blood circulation as [[lymph]].<ref name="Sherwood, Lauralee 2011 401">{{cite book |author=Sherwood, Lauralee |title=Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9qH3eZ1pP0C&pg=PT401 |year=2011 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-10893-1 |pages=401– |access-date=2015-06-27 |archive-date=2020-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729124855/https://books.google.com/books?id=I9qH3eZ1pP0C&pg=PT401 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lymphatic system is a subsystem that is essential for the functioning of the blood circulatory system; without it the blood would become depleted of fluid.

The lymphatic system also works with the immune system.<ref name="Saladin4">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |page=610 |edition=3rd}}</ref> The circulation of lymph takes much longer than that of blood<ref name="CRU">{{cite web |url=https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/what-is-cancer/body-systems-and-cancer/the-lymphatic-system-and-cancer? |title=The lymphatic system and cancer &#124; Cancer Research UK |format= |date=29 October 2014 |accessdate=January 30, 2022 |archive-date=30 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130075814/https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/what-is-cancer/body-systems-and-cancer/the-lymphatic-system-and-cancer |url-status=live }}</ref> and, unlike the closed (blood) circulatory system, the lymphatic system is an open system. Some sources describe it as a ''secondary circulatory system''.

The circulatory system can be affected by many [[cardiovascular disease]]s. [[Cardiologist]]s are medical professionals which specialise in the heart, and [[cardiothoracic surgeon]]s specialise in operating on the heart and its surrounding areas. [[Vascular surgeon]]s focus on disorders of the blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.