Editing Cleft lip and cleft palate (section)

{{short description|Birth defect of the palate and upper lip}}
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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name          = Cleft lip and palate
| image         = Cleftlipandpalate.JPG
| image_size    = 220px
| caption       = Child with cleft lip and palate
| field         = [[Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery]], [[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[pediatrics]]
| synonyms      = Hare-lip, cleft lip and palate
| symptoms      = Opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose or [[palate]]<ref name=CDC2014/>
| complications = Feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, frequent [[otitis media|ear infections]]<ref name=CDC2014/>
| onset         = Present at birth<ref name=CDC2014/>
| duration      =
| types         =
| causes        = Usually unknown<ref name=CDC2014/>
| risks         = [[Smoking and pregnancy|Smoking during pregnancy]], [[Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy|diabetes]], [[obesity]], [[advanced maternal age|older mother]], certain [[Drugs in pregnancy|medications]]<ref name=CDC2014/><ref name=Wat2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Watkins SE, Meyer RE, Strauss RP, Aylsworth AS | title = Classification, epidemiology, and genetics of orofacial clefts | journal = Clinics in Plastic Surgery | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 149–163 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24607185 | doi = 10.1016/j.cps.2013.12.003 }}</ref>
| diagnosis     =
| differential  =
| prevention    =
| treatment     = Surgery, [[speech therapy]], dental care<ref name=CDC2014/>
| medication    =
| prognosis     = Good (with treatment)<ref name=CDC2014/>
| frequency     = 1.5 per 1000 births ([[developed world]])<ref name=Wat2014/>
| deaths        = 3,800 (2017)<ref name=Roth2017/>
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
A '''cleft lip''' contains an opening in the [[upper lip]] that may extend into the nose.<ref name=CDC2014/> The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle.<ref name=CDC2014/> A '''cleft palate''' occurs when the [[palate]] (the roof of the mouth) contains an opening into the [[nasal cavity|nose]].<ref name=CDC2014/> The term '''orofacial cleft''' refers to either condition or to both occurring together. These disorders can result in feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, and frequent [[otitis media|ear infections]].<ref name=CDC2014/> Less than half the time the condition is associated with other disorders.<ref name=CDC2014>{{cite web|title=Facts about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html|access-date=May 8, 2015|date=October 20, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508162121/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/CleftLip.html|archive-date=May 8, 2015}}</ref>

<!-- Cause, mechanism, and diagnosis -->
Cleft lip and palate are the result of tissues of the face not joining properly during [[Prenatal development|development]].<ref name=CDC2014/> As such, they are a type of [[congenital deformity|birth defect]].<ref name=CDC2014/> The cause is unknown in most cases.<ref name=CDC2014/> [[Risk factor (epidemiology)|Risk factor]]s include [[Smoking and pregnancy|smoking during pregnancy]], [[Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy|diabetes]], [[obesity]], [[advanced maternal age|an older mother]], and certain [[Drugs in pregnancy|medications]] (such as some used to treat [[seizures]]).<ref name=CDC2014/><ref name=Wat2014/> Cleft lip and cleft palate can often be diagnosed during pregnancy with an [[obstetric ultrasonography|ultrasound exam]].<ref name=CDC2014/>

<!-- Treatment -->
A cleft lip or palate can be successfully treated with surgery.<ref name=CDC2014/> This is often done in the first few months of life for cleft lip and before eighteen months for cleft palate.<ref name=CDC2014/> [[Speech therapy]] and dental care may also be needed.<ref name=CDC2014/> With appropriate treatment, outcomes are good.<ref name=CDC2014/>

<!-- Epidemiology and society-->
Cleft lip and palate occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births in the [[developed world]].<ref name=Wat2014/> Cleft lip is about twice as common in males as females, while cleft palate without cleft lip is more common in females.<ref name=Wat2014/> In 2017, it resulted in about 3,800 deaths globally, down from 14,600 deaths in 1990.<ref name=Roth2017>{{cite journal | vauthors =  | title = Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 | journal = Lancet | volume = 392 | issue = 10159 | pages = 1736–1788 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30496103 | pmc = 6227606 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7 | collaboration = GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool|title=GBD Results Tool {{!}} GHDx|website=ghdx.healthdata.org|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> Cleft lips are commonly known as '''hare-lips''' because of their resemblance to the lips of [[hare]]s or rabbits, although that term is considered to be offensive in certain contexts.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Boklage CE |title=How new humans are made cells and embryos, twins and chimeras, left and right, mind/selfsoul, sex, and schizophrenia |date=2010 |publisher=World Scientific |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-283-514-7 |pages=283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7GfgRIgP9YC&pg=PT299|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234036/https://books.google.com/books?id=j7GfgRIgP9YC&pg=PT299|archive-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> {{TOC limit}}