Editing Cluj-Napoca (section)

{{short description|City and county seat of Cluj County, Romania}}
{{redirect-multi|3|Cluj|Clus|Klausenburg|the county|Cluj County|the Hasidic dynasty|Klausenburg (Hasidic dynasty)|other uses|Cluj (disambiguation)|and|Clus (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}{{Use British English|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox settlement
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Romania]]
| timezone           = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| image_map          = Cluj jud Cluj.svg
| map_caption        = Location in Cluj County
| pushpin_map        = Romania
| pushpin_mapsize    = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Romania
| image_shield       = ROU CJ Cluj-Napoca CoA.png
| shield_size        = x95px
| nickname           = Treasure City<br/><!--
  -->({{langx|ro|Orașul Comoară}};<ref name="Clujeanul-2007">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2007 |title=Portretul unui oraș |url=http://old.clujeanul.ro/cotidian/nocache/articol/Time_out/Portretul_unui_oras.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824222158/http://old.clujeanul.ro/cotidian/nocache/articol/Time_out/Portretul_unui_oras.html |archive-date=24 August 2010 |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=Clujeanul |language=ro}}</ref><br/><!--
  -->{{langx|hu|Kincses Város}})<ref name="UFI-2004">{{Cite web |date=December 2004 |title=A kincses város |url=http://www.ufi.hu/index.php?site=cikkr&c0id=167 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902050111/http://ufi.hu/index.php?site=cikkr&c0id=167 |archive-date=2 September 2008 |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=UFI |language=hu}}</ref>
| official_name      = Cluj-Napoca
| other_name         = 
| native_name        = 
| image_skyline      = {{Multiple image
  | align  = center
  | border = infobox
  | perrow = 1/2/2/1
  | total_width = 250px
  | image1 = Romania-2382 - View from Hotel (7794313314).jpg
  | caption1 = Cluj-Napoca panorama
  | image2 = 
  | caption2 = 
  | image3 = Sf.Mihail at night.jpg
  | caption3 = [[St. Michael's Church, Cluj-Napoca|St. Michael's Church]]
  | image4 = Casa Matei.jpg
  | caption4 = [[Matthias Corvinus House]]
  | image5 = Opera romana si teatrul national cluj-napoca - 2019iunie -2.jpg
  | caption5 = [[Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca|Romanian National Opera]]
  | image6 = Cluj City Walls, Tailors Bastion 2012-020.JPG
  | caption6 = [[Cluj-Napoca Tailor's Bastion | Bethlen Bastion]]
  | image7 = Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai.jpg
  | caption7 = [[Babeș-Bolyai University]]
  }}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Counties of Romania|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Cluj County]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Subdivisions of Romania|Status]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[County seat]]
| settlement_type    = [[Municipiu|City]]
| leader_title       = Mayor {{no bold|(2024&ndash;2028)}}
| leader_name        = [[Emil Boc]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009164915/https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |archive-date=9 October 2020 |access-date=11 June 2021 |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| leader_party       = [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]
| established_title  = Attested
| established_date   = 1213 (first official record as ''Clus'')
| area_total_km2     = 179.5
| area_total_sq_mi   = 69.3
| area_metro_km2     = 1537.5
| elevation_m        = 340
| population_as_of   = [[2021 Romanian census|2021]]
| population_total   = 286,598
| population_footnotes = <ref name="INSSE-2023">{{Cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021 |url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]] |language=ro}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 1,597
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| population_est     = 
| population_metro_footnotes = (2011)
| population_metro   = 411,379<ref name="Cluj County Regional Statistics Directorate-2013">{{Cite web |date=5 July 2013 |title=Rezultate definitive ale Recensământului Populației și Locuințelor – 2011 – analiza |url=http://www.cluj.insse.ro/cmscluj/files%5Cdeclaratii%5CAnaliza_serii%20date_RPL2011.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504103421/http://www.cluj.insse.ro/cmscluj/files%5Cdeclaratii%5CAnaliza_serii%20date_RPL2011.doc |archive-date=4 May 2014 |access-date=2013-07-05 |publisher=Cluj County Regional Statistics Directorate}}</ref>
| coordinates        = {{coord|46|46|N|23|35|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Romania|Postal Code]]
| postal_code        = 400xyz{{efn-lr|x, y, and z are digits that indicate the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address}}
| area_code          = [[Romania telephone area codes|+40 x64]]{{efn-lr|x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, [[Romtelecom]], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks}}
| blank_name         = [[Romanian car number plates|Car Plates]]
| blank_info         = CJ{{efn-lr|used just on the plates of vehicles that operate only within the city limits (such as [[trolley bus]]es, [[trams]], utility vehicles, [[All-terrain vehicle|ATVs]], etc.)}}
| footnotes          = {{notelist-lr}}
| website            = {{URL|primariaclujnapoca.ro}}
}}

'''Cluj-Napoca''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|uː|ʒ|n|æ|ˌ|p|oʊ|k|ə}} {{respell|KLOOZH-na-POH-kə}}; {{IPA|ro|ˈkluʒ naˈpoka|lang|Cluj-napoca.ogg}}), or simply '''Cluj''' ({{langx|hu|Kolozsvár}} {{IPAc-hu|AUD|Kolozsvár.ogg|ˈ|k|o|l|o|zs|v|á|r}}, {{langx|de|Klausenburg}}), is a city in northwestern [[Romania]]. It is the second-most populous city in the country<ref name="INSSE-2023" /> and the seat of [[Cluj County]]. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from [[Bucharest]] ({{cvt|445|km|0|disp=semicolon}}), [[Budapest]] ({{cvt|461|km|0|disp=semicolon}}) and [[Belgrade]] ({{cvt|483|km|0|disp=semicolon}}). Located in the [[Someșul Mic]] river valley, the city is considered the unofficial capital of the [[Historical regions of Romania|historical province]] of [[Transylvania]]. For some decades prior to the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], it was the official capital of the [[Grand Principality of Transylvania]].

{{As of|2021}}, 286,598 inhabitants live in the city.<ref name="INSSE-2023" /> The [[Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area]] had a population of 411,379 people,<ref name="Cluj County Regional Statistics Directorate-2013"/><ref name="CJ Cluj">{{Cite web |title=Zona Metropolitana Urbana |url=http://www.cjcluj.ro/zona-metropolitana-urbana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531014252/http://www.cjcluj.ro/zona-metropolitana-urbana/ |archive-date=31 May 2009 |access-date=25 May 2009 |publisher=CJ Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> while the population of the [[peri-urbanisation|peri-urban]] area is approximately 420,000.<ref name="Cluj County Regional Statistics Directorate-2013"/><ref name="Cluj County Council">{{Cite web |title=Zona Metropolitană Urbană și Strategii de Dezvoltare a Zonei Metropolitane Cluj-Napoca |url=http://www.cjcluj.ro/zona-metropolitana-urbana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114084040/http://www.cjcluj.ro/zona-metropolitana-urbana/ |archive-date=14 November 2007 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Cluj County Council |language=ro}}</ref> According to a 2007 estimate, the city hosted an average population of over 20,000 students and other non-residents each year from 2004 to 2007.<ref name="Foaia Transilvană-2008">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2008 |title=Wanted: clujeanul verde |url=http://www.ftr.ro/wanted-clujeanul-verde-2898.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511000054/http://www.ftr.ro/wanted-clujeanul-verde-2898.php |archive-date=11 May 2008 |access-date=2008-05-12 |publisher=Foaia Transilvană |language=ro}}</ref> The city spreads out from [[St. Michael's Church, Cluj-Napoca|St. Michael's Church]] in [[Unirii Square, Cluj-Napoca|Unirii Square]], built in the 14th century and named after [[Michael (archangel)|the Archangel Michael]], Cluj's [[patron saint]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catedrala "Sf. Mihail" |url=http://www.clujonline.com/ro/catedrala_sf_mihail.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322072926/http://www.clujonline.com/ro/catedrala_sf_mihail.htm |archive-date=22 March 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Clujonline.com |language=ro}}</ref> The municipality covers an area of {{convert|179.52|km2|sqmi}}.

Cluj experienced a decade of decline during the 1990s, its international reputation suffering from the policies of its mayor at the time, [[Gheorghe Funar]].<ref name="Financial Times-2008">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2008 |title=Cluj: Buzz grips university town |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/97363fb4-ea07-11dc-b3c9-0000779fd2ac.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/97363fb4-ea07-11dc-b3c9-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=2008-03-13 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> In the early 21st century, the city is one of the most important academic, cultural, industrial and business centres in Romania. Among other institutions, it hosts the country's largest university, [[Babeș-Bolyai University]], with its [[Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden|botanical garden]], nationally renowned cultural institutions such as the [[Cluj-Napoca National Theatre|National Theatre]] and [[Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca|Opera]], as well as the largest Romanian-owned commercial bank.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 2007 |title=Five alive – New regions – Five territories to watch |url=http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Five-alive--New-regions/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305075420/http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Five-alive--New-regions/ |archive-date=2008-03-05 |access-date=2008-03-12 |magazine=Monocle |volume=1 |issue=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandra Groza |date=8 January 2008 |title=Presa britanică: "Clujul, campion mondial la dezvoltare" |url=http://www.clujeanul.ro/cluj/presa-britanica-clujul-campion-mondial-la-dezvoltare-2327155 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504173100/http://www.clujeanul.ro/cluj/presa-britanica-clujul-campion-mondial-la-dezvoltare-2327155 |archive-date=4 May 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Clujeanul |language=ro}}</ref> Cluj-Napoca held the titles of [[European Youth Capital]] in 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |title=cluj2015.eu |url=http://www.cluj2015.eu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217004901/http://www.cluj2015.eu/ |archive-date=17 December 2014 |access-date=14 December 2014 |website=www.cluj2015.eu}}</ref> and European City of Sport in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raluca Sas |date=6 December 2017 |title=Cluj-Napoca a câștigat titlul de "Oraș European al Sportului 2018" |url=http://www.monitorulcj.ro/sport/61381-cluj-napoca-a-castigat-titlul-de-%E2%80%9Coras-european-al-sportului-2018%E2%80%9D#sthash.VPsNBXo6.dpbs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423102021/http://www.monitorulcj.ro/sport/61381-cluj-napoca-a-castigat-titlul-de-%E2%80%9Coras-european-al-sportului-2018%E2%80%9D#sthash.VPsNBXo6.dpbs |archive-date=23 April 2018 |access-date=22 April 2018 |website=monitorulcj.ro |language=ro}}</ref> In 2021, the city joined the [[UNESCO]] [[Creative Cities Network]] and was named a UNESCO [[City of Film]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cluj-Napoca |url=https://citiesoffilm.org/cluj-napoca/ |access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref>