Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Cochlear implant
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|Prosthesis}} {{Infobox medical intervention | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICD9unlinked = | MeshID = | LOINC = | OtherCodes = | eMedicine = | image= Blausen 0244 CochlearImplant 01.png | caption = Diagram of a cochlear implant }} A '''cochlear implant''' ('''CI''') is a surgically implanted [[Neuroprosthetics|neuroprosthesis]] that provides a person who has moderate-to-profound [[sensorineural hearing loss]] with sound perception. With the help of therapy, cochlear implants may allow for improved speech understanding in both quiet and noisy environments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCD - Cochlear Implantation (50.3) |url=https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/ncd.aspx?NCDId=245&ver=2 |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=[[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cochlear Implants |url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=[[National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders|NIDCD]] |date=24 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> A CI bypasses acoustic hearing by direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.<ref name=":0" /> Through everyday listening and auditory training, cochlear implants allow both children and adults to learn to interpret those signals as speech and sound.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rayes H, Al-Malky G, Vickers D | title = Systematic Review of Auditory Training in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients | journal = Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research | volume = 62 | issue = 5 | pages = 1574–1593 | date = May 2019 | pmid = 31039327 | doi = 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-H-18-0252 | s2cid = 141503740 | url = https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/291149 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Henshaw H, Ferguson MA | title = Efficacy of individual computer-based auditory training for people with hearing loss: a systematic review of the evidence | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = e62836 | date = 2013-05-10 | pmid = 23675431 | pmc = 3651281 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0062836 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...862836H }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sweetow R, Palmer CV |date=July 2005 |title=Efficacy of individual auditory training in adults: a systematic review of the evidence |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Audiology |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=494–504 |doi=10.3766/jaaa.16.7.9 |pmid=16295236 |id={{NCBIBook|NBK71453}}}}</ref> The implant has two main components. The outside component is generally worn behind the ear, but could also be attached to clothing, for example, in young children. This component, the sound processor, contains microphones, electronics that include [[digital signal processor]] (DSP) chips, battery, and a coil that transmits a signal to the implant across the skin. The inside component, the actual implant, has a coil to receive signals, electronics, and an array of [[electrode]]s which is placed into the [[cochlea]], which stimulate the [[cochlear nerve]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naples JG, Ruckenstein MJ | title = Cochlear Implant | journal = Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America | volume = 53 | issue = 1 | pages = 87–102 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 31677740 | doi = 10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.004 | s2cid = 207890377 }}</ref> The surgical procedure is performed under [[general anesthesia]]. Surgical risks are minimal and most individuals will undergo [[outpatient surgery]] and go home the same day. However, some individuals will experience [[dizziness]], and on rare occasions, [[tinnitus]] or facial nerve bruising. From the early days of implants in the 1970s and the 1980s, speech perception via an implant has steadily increased. More than 200,000 people in the [[United States]] had received a CI through 2019. Many users of modern implants gain reasonable to good hearing and speech perception skills post-implantation, especially when combined with lipreading.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clark GM | title = The multi-channel cochlear implant: multi-disciplinary development of electrical stimulation of the cochlea and the resulting clinical benefit | journal = Hearing Research | volume = 322 | pages = 4–13 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25159273 | doi = 10.1016/j.heares.2014.08.002 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shannon RV | title = Advances in auditory prostheses | journal = Current Opinion in Neurology | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–66 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22157109 | pmc = 4123811 | doi = 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834ef878 }}</ref> One of the challenges that remain with these implants is that hearing and speech understanding skills after implantation show a wide range of variation across individual implant users. Factors such as age of implantation, parental involvement and education level, duration and cause of hearing loss, how the implant is situated in the cochlea, the overall health of the cochlear nerve, and individual capabilities of re-learning are considered to contribute to this variation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Blamey P, Artieres F, Başkent D, Bergeron F, Beynon A, Burke E, Dillier N, Dowell R, Fraysse B, Gallégo S, Govaerts PJ, Green K, Huber AM, Kleine-Punte A, Maat B, Marx M, Mawman D, Mosnier I, O'Connor AF, O'Leary S, Rousset A, Schauwers K, Skarzynski H, Skarzynski PH, Sterkers O, Terranti A, Truy E, Van de Heyning P, Venail F, Vincent C, Lazard DS | display-authors = 6 | title = Factors affecting auditory performance of postlinguistically deaf adults using cochlear implants: an update with 2251 patients | journal = Audiology & Neuro-Otology | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 36–47 | date = 2013 | pmid = 23095305 | doi = 10.1159/000343189 | s2cid = 4668675 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/69118/1/Dillier_HuberA_etal_AudiolNeurotol_2012.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Scientific Foundations of Audiology: Perspectives from Physics, Biology, Modeling, and Medicine |vauthors=Başkent D, Gaudrain E, Tamati TN, Wagner A |date=2016 |publisher=Plural Publishing |isbn=978-1-59756-652-0 |veditors=Cacace AT, de Kleine E, Holt AG, van Dijk P |location= |pages=285–319 |chapter=Perception and Psychoacoustics of Speech in Cochlear Implant Users |hdl=11370/eef54b8f-af38-4c58-b14d-3ee376412a08 |s2cid=33984881}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Harris MS, Moberly AC | title = Three challenges for future research on cochlear implants | journal = World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 240–254 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 29780970 | pmc = 5956139 | doi = 10.1016/j.wjorl.2017.12.010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=What Are Cochlear Implants for Hearing? {{!}} NIDCD |url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=www.nidcd.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)