Editing Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (section)

{{Short description|5th-century handwritten Bible copy in Greek}}
{{good article}}
{{New Testament manuscript infobox
| form   = Uncial
| number = '''04'''
| image  = Codex ephremi (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XXIV).jpg
| isize  = 250 px
| caption= ''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus'', at the [[Bibliothèque Nationale]], Paris, Département des manuscrits, Grec 9, fol. 60r (rotated)
| name   = Ephraemi rescriptus
| sign   = C
| text   = [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]
| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
| date   = c. 425-450
| found  = 
| now at = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
| cite   = 
| size   = {{convert|33|xx|27|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| type   = mixture types of text
| cat    = II
| hand   = 
| note   = 
|
}}

The '''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus''' (Paris, National Library of France, Greek 9) is a manuscript of the Greek [[Bible]],<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | last1=Aland | author-link=Kurt Aland | first2=Barbara | last2=Aland | author-link2=Barbara Aland | others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | page=109 | year=1995 | publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]] | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1 | url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt | url-access=limited }}</ref> written on [[parchment]]. It is designated by the [[siglum]] '''C''' or '''04''' in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering of [[New Testament]] [[List of New Testament uncials|manuscripts]], and '''δ 3''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|von Soden]] numbering of New Testament manuscripts. It contains most of the [[New Testament]] and some [[Old Testament]] books, with sizeable portions missing. It is one of the [[four great uncials]] (these being manuscripts which originally contained the whole of both the Old and New Testaments). The manuscript is not intact: its current condition contains material from every New Testament book except [[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians|2 Thessalonians]] and [[Second Epistle of John|2 John]]; however, only six books of the Greek Old Testament are represented. It is not known whether 2 Thessalonians and 2 John were [[Development of the New Testament canon|excluded on purpose]], or whether no fragment of either epistle happened to survive.<ref name="McDonald">{{Cite book | last=McDonald  |first=Lee Martin | date=2017 | title=The Formation of the Biblical Canon: Volume 2: The New Testament: Its Authority and Canonicity | page=244 | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | location=London | isbn=9780567668851 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfvUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA244 | access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref>

The manuscript is a [[palimpsest]], with the pages being washed of their original text, and reused in the 12th century for the Greek translations of 38 treatises composed by [[Ephrem the Syrian]], from whence it gets its name ''Ephraemi Rescriptus.''{{r|Aland}} 

The lower text of the palimpsest was deciphered by biblical scholar and palaeographer [[Constantin von Tischendorf]] in 1840–1843, and was edited by him in 1843–1845.