Editing Commercial vehicle operations (section)

{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}

'''Commercial vehicle operations (CVO)''' is an application of [[Intelligent transportation system|intelligent transportation systems]] for [[truck]]s. It would allow trucks and buses to travel without having to stop for weight, credential, and safety checks, by using highway sensors to check them automatically as they are driven at prevailing speeds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1994 |title=Intelligent vehicle-highway systems program and commercial motor vehicles : hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, October 19, 1993 |url=https://archive.org/details/intelligentvehic00unit/page/8/mode/2up?q=%22commercial+vehicle+operations%22 |access-date=2024-05-18 |publisher=U.S. GPO |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

A typical system would be purchased by the managers of a trucking company. It would have a [[satellite navigation system]], a small [[computer]] and a digital radio in each truck. Every fifteen minutes the computer transmits where the truck has been. The digital radio service forwards the data to the central office of the trucking company. A computer system in the central office manages the [[fleet vehicles|fleet]] in real time under control of a team of dispatchers.

In this way, the central office knows where its trucks are.  The company tracks individual loads by using [[barcode]]d [[Containerization|containers]] and [[pallet]]s to track loads combined into a larger container. To minimize handling-expense, damage and waste of vehicle capacity, optimal-sized pallets are often constructed at distribution points to go to particular destinations.

A good load-tracking system will help deliver more than 95% of its loads via truck, on planned schedules. If a truck gets off its route, or is delayed, the truck can be diverted to a better route, or urgent loads that are likely to be late can be diverted to [[Freight aircraft|air freight]]. This allows a trucking company to deliver a true premium service at only slightly higher cost.  The best proprietary systems, such as the one operated by [[FedEx Corporation|FedEx]], achieve better than 99.999% on-time delivery.

Load-tracking systems use [[queuing theory]], [[linear programming]] and [[minimum spanning tree]] logic to predict and improve arrival times. The exact means of combining these are usually secret recipes deeply hidden in the software. The basic scheme is that hypothetical routes are constructed by combining road segments, and then poor ones are eliminated using linear programming.

The controlled routes allow a truck to avoid heavy traffic caused by rush-hour, accidents or road-work. Increasingly, governments are providing digital notification when roadways are known to have reduced capacity.

A good system lets the computer, dispatcher and driver collaborate on finding a good route, or a method to move the load. One special value is that the computer can automatically eliminate routes over roads that cannot take the weight of the truck, or that have overhead obstructions.

Usually, the drivers log into the system. The system helps remind a driver to rest. Rested drivers operate the truck more skillfully and safely.

When these systems were first introduced, some drivers resisted them, viewing them as a way for management to spy on the driver.

A well-managed intelligent transportation system provides drivers with huge amounts of help. It gives them a view of their own load and the network of roadways.

Components of CVO include:
* Fleet Administration
* Freight Administration
* Electronic Clearance
* Commercial Vehicle Administrative Processes
* International [[Border]] Crossing Clearance
* Weigh-In-Motion (WIM)
* Roadside CVO Safety
* On-Board Safety Monitoring
* CVO Fleet Maintenance
* [[Hazardous Material]] Planning and Incident Response
* Freight In-Transit Monitoring
* Freight Terminal Management