Editing Community management (section)

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'''Community management''' or '''common-pool resource management''' is the management of a [[the commons|common]] resource or issue by a [[community]] through the [[collective action]] of [[Volunteering|volunteer]]s and [[stakeholder (corporate)|stakeholder]]s.  The resource managed can be either material or [[information]]al. Examples include the management of common [[grazing rights|grazing]] and [[Water right|water]] rights,<ref>{{citation |url=http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/2/95.extract |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410080524/http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/2/95.extract |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-04-10 |title=The management of common property resources |author=R Wade |journal=Cambridge Journal of Economics |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=95–106 |year=1987|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035024 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[wild fisheries|fisheries]],<ref>{{citation |title=Community management and common property of coastal fisheries in Asia and the Pacific |author=R. S. Pomeroy |year=1994 |publisher=WorldFish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bj_dEgl59CQC|isbn=9789718709566 }}</ref> and [[open source|open-source]] software.<ref>{{citation |title=The governance of open source initiatives: what does it mean to be community managed? |author=SO'Mahony |journal=Journal of Management and Governance |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=139–150 |year=2007|doi=10.1007/s10997-007-9024-7 |s2cid=153958344 }} {{subscription required}}</ref> In the case of physical resources, community management strategies are frequently employed to avoid the [[tragedy of the commons]] and to encourage [[sustainability]].

It is expected that community management allows for the management, usually of natural resources, to come from members of the community that these decisions will affect.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Whaley |first1=Luke |last2=Cleaver |first2=Frances |last3=Mwathunga |first3=Evance |date=2021 |title=Flesh and bones: Working with the grain to improve community management of water |journal=World Development |language=en |volume=138 |pages=105286 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105286 |s2cid=228849402 |issn=0305-750X|doi-access=free }}</ref> This should allow for a better way of finding solutions that the community will find most effective since management styles are not always transferable across different regions; and this could be because of cultural, economic, or geographical differences.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Sobelson |first1=Robyn |last2=Wigington |first2=Corinne |last3=Harp |first3=Victoria |date=2015 |title=A whole community approach to emergency management: Strategies and best practices of seven community programs |url=https://www.wmpllc.org/ojs/index.php/jem/article/view/205 |journal=Journal of Emergency Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=349–357 |doi=10.5055/jem.2015.0247 |issn=1543-5865 |pmc=5582971 |pmid=26312659}}</ref> It is expected that the group members within this setting have the incentive to do the best they can for the community because they live in the community that benefits or suffers from the management they provide.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Distaso |first1=Alba |last2=Ciervo |first2=Margherita |title=Water and Common Goods: Community Management as a Possible Alternative to the Public-Private Model |date=2011 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41624981 |journal=Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali |volume=119 |issue=2 |pages=143–165 |jstor=41624981 |issn=0035-676X}}</ref> By [[Decentralization|decentralizing]] the management of resources, it is also expected that the upkeep that occurs within the services provided is streamlined due to the direct link between the areas that need improvement or regular maintenance and the authority overseeing them.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Chowns |first=Ellie |date=2015 |title=Is Community Management an Efficient and Effective Model of Public Service Delivery? Lessons from the Rural Water Supply Sector in Malawi: Is Community Management Efficient and Effective? |journal=Public Administration and Development |language=en |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=263–276 |doi=10.1002/pad.1737|s2cid=155716055 |doi-access=free }}</ref> However, these expected benefits of community management are not what we see unfolding within communities that follow this management style.