Editing Computational science (section)

{{short description|Field that uses computers and mathematical models to analyze and solve scientific problems}}
{{Distinguish|computer science}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Promotional tone|date=December 2021}}
{{Confusing|reason=the article does not describe the idea of computational science at a concrete level|date=December 2021}}
}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2021}}
<!-- NOTE: I added {{Use American English}} because the American spelling "-ize" ("optimize") comes first before the British spellings "-ise" and "-ising". ~Duckmather -->'''Computational science''', also known as '''scientific computing''', '''technical computing''' or '''scientific computation''' ('''SC'''), is a division of science, and more specifically the [[Computer science|Computer Sciences]], which uses advanced [[computing]] capabilities to understand and solve complex physical problems. While this typically extends into computational specializations, this field of study includes: 
*  [[Algorithm]]s ([[Numerical analysis|numerical]] and non-numerical): [[mathematical model]]s, [[computational model]]s, and [[computer simulation]]s developed to solve [[sciences]] (e.g, [[Computational physics|physical]], [[Computational biology|biological]], and [[Computational sociology|social]]), [[engineering]], and [[humanities]] problems
* [[Computer hardware]] that develops and optimizes the advanced system [[Computer hardware|hardware]], [[firmware]], [[Computer network|networking]], and [[data management]] components needed to solve computationally demanding problems
* The computing infrastructure that supports both the science and engineering problem solving and the developmental computer and [[information science]]
In practical use, it is typically the application of [[computer simulation]] and other forms of [[computation]] from [[numerical analysis]] and [[theoretical computer science]] to solve problems in various scientific disciplines. The field is different from theory and laboratory experiments, which are the traditional forms of science and [[engineering]]. The scientific computing approach is to gain understanding through the analysis of mathematical models implemented on [[computer]]s. Scientists and engineers develop [[computer programs]] and [[application software]] that model systems being studied and run these programs with various sets of input parameters. The essence of computational science is the application of numerical algorithms<ref>Nonweiler T. R., 1986. Computational Mathematics: An Introduction to Numerical Approximation, John Wiley and Sons</ref> and [[computational mathematics]]. In some cases, these models require massive amounts of calculations (usually [[floating-point]]) and are often executed on [[supercomputer]]s or [[distributed computing]] platforms.{{Verify source|date=December 2021|reason=check whether this is sourced in the body}}