Editing Concurrent powers (section)

{{Short description|Powers shared between a federal government and smaller administrative units}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}}

'''Concurrent powers''' are powers of a [[federal state]] that are shared by both the federal government and each constituent political unit, such as a state or province. These powers may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory, in relation to the same body of citizens, and regarding the same subject-matter.<ref name="Scardino">Scardino, Frank.  ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MLhxnmmtivwC&pg=PA31 The Complete Idiot's Guide to U.S. Government and Politics]'', p. 31 (Penguin 2009).</ref> Concurrent powers are contrasted with [[reserved powers]] (not possessed by the federal government) and with [[exclusive federal powers]] (forbidden to be possessed by the states, or requiring federal permission).<ref name="Scardino" />  

In many federations, enumerated federal powers are supreme and so, they may pre-empt a state or provincial law in case of conflict.  Concurrent powers can therefore be divided into two kinds: those not generally subject to federal pre-emption, such as the power to tax private citizens, and other concurrent powers.<ref>Zimmerman, Joseph.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=kGi7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78 The Initiative, Second Edition: Citizen Lawmaking], p. 78 (SUNY Press, 2014).</ref>  

In the United States, examples of the concurrent powers shared by both the federal and the state governments include the powers to tax, to spend, and to create lower courts.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110621215344/http://claremont.org/repository/doclib/Encyclopedia%20Amer%20Const%20Arts.pdf The Encyclopedia of the America Constitution]</ref>