Editing Condoleezza Rice (section)

{{Short description|American diplomat and political scientist (born 1954)}}
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{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Condoleezza Rice
| image               = Condoleezza Rice cropped.jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, 2005
| office              = 66th [[United States Secretary of State]]
| president           = [[George W. Bush]]
| deputy              = {{Plain list|
* [[Richard Armitage (politician)|Richard Armitage]]
* [[Robert Zoellick]]
* [[John Negroponte]]
}}
| term_start          = January 26, 2005
| term_end            = January 20, 2009
| predecessor         = [[Colin Powell]]
| successor           = [[Hillary Clinton]]
| office2             = 19th [[National Security Advisor (United States)|United States National Security Advisor]]
| president2          = George W. Bush
| deputy2             = [[Stephen Hadley]]
| term_start2         = January 20, 2001
| term_end2           = January 26, 2005
| predecessor2        = [[Sandy Berger]]
| successor2          = [[Stephen Hadley]]
| office3             = 8th Director of the [[Hoover Institution]]
| term_start3         = September 1, 2020
| term_end3           = 
| predecessor3        = [[Thomas W. Gilligan]]
| office4             = 10th Provost of [[Stanford University]]
| term_start4         = September 1, 1993
| term_end4           = June 30, 1999
| predecessor4        = Gerald Lieberman
| successor4          = [[John L. Hennessy]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1954|11|14}}
| birth_place         = [[Birmingham, Alabama]], U.S.
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (after 1982)<br />[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 1982)
| education           = {{nowrap|[[University of Denver]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}}<br />[[University of Notre Dame]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| signature           = Condoleezza Rice Signature 2.svg
| module              = {{Infobox scientist
| child=yes
| thesis_year = 1981
| thesis_title = The Politics of Client Command: Party-Military Relations in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1975
| field = [[Political science]]
| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/88b452031ba9a788c5210a6bb525c0bc/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar&parentSessionId=XMPEkqUZM%2FXTBNW8u%2FAF%2BBtDiWDktOt5MeS69BqA8D4%3D
| doctoral_advisor = 
}}
| module2             = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Testifies Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on the FY2008 State Budget.ogg|title=Condoleezza Rice's voice|type=speech|description=Rice testifies before the [[House Foreign Affairs Committee]] on the FY2008 Department of State budget<br/>Recorded February 7, 2007}}
}}

<!--Please see naming conventions at WP:MOSBIO, do not add details like "Dr." or "PhD"; also see MOS:BOLDQUOTE, do not change the bold markup to include quotation marks-->'''Condoleezza''' "'''Condi'''" '''Rice''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɒ|n|d|ə|ˈ|l|iː|z|ə}} {{respell|KON|də|LEE|zə}}; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and [[political science|political scientist]] serving since 2020 as the 8th  director of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]]. A member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], she previously served as the 66th [[United States secretary of state]] from 2005 to 2009 and as the 19th [[National Security Advisor (United States)|U.S. national security advisor]] from 2001 to 2005.<!--DO NOT CHANGE CAPITALIZATION – SEE MOS:JOBTITLE--> Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state and the first woman to serve as national security advisor. Until the [[2008 United States presidential election|election]] of [[Barack Obama]] as [[President of the United States|president]] in 2008, Rice and her predecessor, [[Colin Powell]], were the highest-ranking African Americans in the history of the federal executive branch (by virtue of the secretary of state standing fourth in the [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]]). At the time of her appointment as Secretary of State, Rice was the highest-ranking woman in the history of the United States to be in the presidential line of succession.

Rice was born in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], and grew up while the South was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]]. She obtained her bachelor's degree from the [[University of Denver]] and her master's degree from the [[University of Notre Dame]], both in political science. In 1981, she received a PhD from the School of International Studies at the University of Denver.<ref name="faculty/condoleezza">{{Cite news|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/condoleezza-rice|title=Condoleezza Rice|work=[[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] |access-date=April 11, 2018|language=en|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022931/https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/condoleezza-rice|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=slate2000>{{cite news |last=Plotz |first=David |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2000/05/condoleezza-rice.html |title=Condoleezza Rice: George W. Bush's celebrity adviser |work=[[Slate.com|Slate]] |date=May 12, 2000 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022936/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2000/05/condoleezza-rice.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She worked at the [[State Department]] under the Carter administration and served on the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] as the [[Soviet bloc|Soviet and Eastern Europe]] affairs advisor to President [[George H. W. Bush]] during the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and [[German reunification]] from 1989 to 1991. Rice later pursued an academic fellowship at Stanford University, where she later served as [[Provost (education)|provost]] from 1993 to 1999. On December 17, 2000, she joined the [[George W. Bush administration]] as [[United States National Security Advisor|national security advisor]]. In Bush's second term, she succeeded Colin Powell as Secretary of State, thereby becoming the first African-American woman, second African-American after Powell, and second woman after [[Madeleine Albright]] to hold this office.

Following her confirmation as secretary of state, Rice pioneered the policy of [[Transformational Diplomacy]] directed toward expanding the number of responsible democratic governments in the world and especially in the [[Greater Middle East]]. That policy faced challenges as [[Hamas]] captured a popular majority in [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems (with U.S. backing). While in the position, she chaired the [[Millennium Challenge Account|Millennium Challenge Corporation]]'s board of directors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcc.gov/about/boardofdirectors/index.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607012010/http://www.mcc.gov/about/boardofdirectors/index.php|archive-date=June 7, 2008 |title=Board of Directors |publisher=[[Millennium Challenge Account|Millennium Challenge Corporation]]|quote=The Secretary of State is the Chair of the Board ... |access-date=January 21, 2009}}</ref> In March 2009, Rice returned to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tec.fsi.stanford.edu/people/condoleezza_rice |title=Condi Rice website at Stanford University |work=[[Stanford University]] |via=tec.fsi.stanford.edu |access-date=May 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620022444/http://tec.fsi.stanford.edu/people/condoleezza_rice |archive-date=June 20, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Condoleezza |last=Rice |url=https://www.hoover.org/profiles/condoleezza-rice |title=Condi Rice website at the Hoover Institution |publisher=[[Hoover Institution]] |website=hoover.org |access-date=May 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429223043/http://www.hoover.org/bios/rice.html |archive-date=April 29, 2009 }}</ref> In September 2010, she became a faculty member of the [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] and a director of its Global Center for Business and the Economy.<ref name="BW1">{{cite web|last=Gloeckler |first=Geoff |title=Getting In Condoleezza Rice To Join Stanford B-School Faculty In September |url=http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/blogs/mba_admissions/archives/2010/08/condoleezza_rice_to_join_stanford_gsb_faculty_in_september.html |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |publisher=Bloomberg.com |access-date=September 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007123902/http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/blogs/mba_admissions/archives/2010/08/condoleezza_rice_to_join_stanford_gsb_faculty_in_september.html |archive-date=October 7, 2010}}</ref> In January 2020, it was announced that Rice would succeed [[Thomas W. Gilligan]] as the next director of the Hoover Institution on September 1, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Condoleezza Rice to lead Stanford's Hoover Institution |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2020/01/28/condoleezza-rice-lead-stanfords-hoover-institution/ |website=Stanford News |date=January 28, 2020 |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312174712/https://news.stanford.edu/2020/01/28/condoleezza-rice-lead-stanfords-hoover-institution/ |archive-date=March 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> She is on the Board of Directors of [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]] and Makena Capital Management, LLC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dropbox.com/about|title=About - Dropbox|website=Dropbox|language=en|access-date=March 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705122936/https://www.dropbox.com/about|archive-date=July 5, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.makenacap.com/team/dr-condoleezza-rice/ |title=Dr. Condoleezza Rice - Makena Capital Management |website=makenacap.com |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035841/https://www.makenacap.com/team/dr-condoleezza-rice/ |archive-date=June 19, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/04/dropbox-rice-controversy/ |first=Marcus |last=Wohlsen |date=April 10, 2014 |title=Internet Revolt Begins as Condi Rice Joins Dropbox Board |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022946/https://www.wired.com/2014/04/dropbox-rice-controversy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>