Editing Condom (section)

{{Short description|Device for birth control and STI prevention}}
{{About|the transmission barrier and contraceptive device|other uses|Condom (disambiguation)}}
{{About|external (male) condoms, mostly|condoms used internally|Internal condom}}

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{sprotect|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}}
{{Infobox Birth control
|image            = Kondom.jpg
|caption          = A rolled-up condom
|pronounce        = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ə|m}} {{respell|KON|dəm}} or {{IPAc-en|uk|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ɒ|m}} {{respell|KON|dom}}
|bc_type          = Barrier
|date_first_use   = Ancient<ref name=Hat2007/><br />Rubber: 1855<ref name=Al2011/><br />Latex: 1920s<ref name=Mc2000/><br />Polyurethane: 1994<br />Polyisoprene: 2008
|rate_type        = [[Pregnancy]]
|failure_measure  = first year, latex
|perfect_failure% = 2
|perfect_failure_ref =<ref name="Trussell 2011">{{cite book |last=Trussell |first=James |year=2011 |chapter=Contraceptive efficacy|editor1-last=Hatcher|editor1-first=Robert A.|editor2-last=Trussell|editor2-first=James|editor3-last=Nelson|editor3-first=Anita L.|editor4-last=Cates|editor4-first=Willard Jr.|editor5-last=Kowal|editor5-first=Deborah|editor6-last=Policar|editor6-first=Michael S. |title=Contraceptive technology |edition=20th revised |location=New York |publisher=Ardent Media |isbn=978-1-59708-004-0 |issn=0091-9721 |oclc=781956734 |pages=779–863|chapter-url=http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112130150/http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2013}}</ref>
|typical_failure% = 18
|typical_failure_ref =<ref name="Trussell 2011" />
|duration_effect  =
|reversibility    = Yes
|user_reminders   = Latex condoms are damaged by oil-based [[Personal lubricant|lubricants]]<ref name=Hat2007/>
|clinic_interval  =
|STD_protection_YesNo = Yes<ref name=Hat2007/>
|periods          =
|benefits         = No health care visits required and low cost<ref name=Hat2007/>
|weight_gain_loss =
|risks            =
|medical_notes    =
}}
<!-- Definition and medical uses -->

A '''condom''' is a sheath-shaped [[Barrier contraception|barrier device]] used during [[sexual intercourse]] to reduce the probability of [[pregnancy]] or a [[Sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] (STI).<ref name=Hat2007>{{cite book |last1=Hatcher |first1=Robert Anthony |last2=M.D |first2=Anita L. Nelson |title=Contraceptive Technology |date=2007 |publisher=Ardent Media |isbn=978-1-59708-001-9 |pages=297–311 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txh0LpjjhkoC&pg=PA297 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918185600/https://books.google.com/books?id=txh0LpjjhkoC&pg=PA297|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weinstock |first1=S. Alexander |last2=Lesser |first2=Martin L. |last3=Kassman |first3=Leon B. |title=Condom—The need for predictable contraception |journal=Sexuality, Reproduction and Menopause |date=2006 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=96–99 |doi=10.1016/j.sram.2006.08.010}}</ref> There are both '''external condoms''', also called '''male condoms''', and [[Internal condom|internal (female) condoms]].<ref name=WHO2008>{{cite book |title=WHO Model Formulary 2008 |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-154765-9 |vauthors=((World Health Organization)) |veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR |hdl=10665/44053 | author-link = World Health Organization |publisher=World Health Organization | hdl-access=free |page=372}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beksinska |first1=Mags |last2=Wong |first2=Rachel |last3=Smit |first3=Jenni |title=Male and female condoms: Their key role in pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention |journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology |date=2020 |volume=66 |pages=55–67 |doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.12.001 |pmid=32007451}}</ref>

<!-- Technique -->
The external condom is rolled onto an [[erect penis]] before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which limits skin-to-skin contact, exposure to [[Bodily Fluids|fluids]], and blocks [[semen]] from entering the body of a sexual partner.<ref name=Hat2007/><ref name=Sp2011/> External condoms are typically made from [[latex]] and, less commonly, from [[polyurethane]], [[polyisoprene]], or lamb intestine.<ref name=Hat2007/> External condoms have the advantages of ease of use, ease of access, and few side effects.<ref name=Hat2007/> Individuals with [[latex allergy]] should use condoms made from a material other than latex, such as polyurethane.<ref name=Hat2007/> Internal condoms are typically made from polyurethane and may be used multiple times.<ref name=Sp2011>{{cite book |last1=Speroff |first1=Leon |last2=Darney |first2=Philip D. |title=A Clinical Guide for Contraception |date=2011 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-1-60831-610-6 |pages=305–307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5XJtYkiJ0YC&pg=PT420 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114203840/https://books.google.com/books?id=f5XJtYkiJ0YC|archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref>

With proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use external condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate.<ref name="Hat2007" /> With typical use, the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year.<ref name="Trussell 2011" /> Their use greatly decreases the risk of [[gonorrhea]], [[chlamydia]], [[trichomoniasis]], [[hepatitis B]], and [[HIV/AIDS]].<ref name="Hat2007" /> To a lesser extent, they also protect against [[genital herpes]], [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV), and [[syphilis]].<ref name="Hat2007" />

<!-- History and culture -->
Condoms as a method of preventing STIs have been used since at least 1564.<ref name=Hat2007/> Rubber condoms became available in 1855, followed by latex condoms in the 1920s.<ref name=Al2011>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=Michael J. |title=The Anthem Anthology of Victorian Sonnets |date=2011 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-848-4 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQxdE8Ryz9YC&pg=PR51 }}</ref><ref name=Mc2000>{{cite book |last1=McKibbin |first1=Ross |title=Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951 |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-820855-6 |page=305 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYuoPxzjnXUC&pg=PA305 }}</ref> It is on the [[World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> As of 2019, globally around 21% of those using [[birth control]] use the condom, making it the second-most common method after [[Tubal ligation|female sterilization]] (24%).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Contraceptive Use by Method: data booklet |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/files/documents/2020/Jan/un_2019_contraceptiveusebymethod_databooklet.pdf |access-date=2 January 2021 |publisher=[[United Nations]] Department of Economic and Social Affairs |archive-date=13 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213205500/https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/files/documents/2020/Jan/un_2019_contraceptiveusebymethod_databooklet.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Rates of condom use are highest in [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]], [[Europe]] and [[North America]].<ref name=":0" /> 
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