Editing Confederate Arizona (section)

{{Short description|Territory of the Confederate States of America}}
{{About|the Confederate territory that existed from 1861 to 1865|the U.S. territory|Arizona Territory|the U.S. state|Arizona}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| conventional_long_name = Arizona Territory<!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not change the display name. Thank you. -->
| common_name            = Arizona Territory
| subdivision            = [[Constitution of the Confederate States|Organized incorporated territory]]
| nation                 = the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]
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<!--  By previous consensus, the following flag should not be changed.                 -->
<!--  (See [[Talk:Confederate States of America/Archive 10#RFC Infobox flag choice]])  -->
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| image_flag             = Flag of the Confederate States (July – November 1861).svg
| flag_type              = {{small|Flag of the Confederate<br />States (August 1, 1861)}}
| flag                   = Flags of the Confederate States of America
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| image_map              = [[File:Arizona Territory in Confederate States.png|300px]]
| image_map_caption      = Map of the Confederate States with Arizona Territory highlighted
| capital                = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Mesilla, New Mexico|Mesilla]]<br /><small>(1861–1862)</small>|[[San Antonio]]<br /><small>(''[[Government in exile|in exile]]''; 1862–1865)</small>}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|32|16|N|106|42|W|display=inline}}
| government_type        = [[Constitution of the Confederate States#Article IV Section 3(3)|Organized incorporated territory]]
| title_leader           = [[List of governors of Arizona#Confederate Arizona|Governor]]
| leader1                = Col. [[John R. Baylor]]
| year_leader1           = 1861–1862
| leader2                = Dr. [[Lewis S. Owings]] ([[Government in exile|in exile]])
| year_leader2           = 1862–1865
| legislature            = Arizona Territorial Legislature
| era                    = [[American Civil War]]
| event_pre              = [[Ordinance of Secession]]
| date_pre               = March 28, 1861
| event_start            = Col. Baylor's Proclamation{{efn|The Confederate Territory of Arizona was proclaimed in [[Mesilla, New Mexico|Mesilla]] on August 1, 1861.}}
| date_start             = August 1,
| year_start             = 1861
| event1                 = Organized by [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]
| date_event1            = January 18, 1862<ref>{{cite book |author=United States. Cong. Senate |date=1904 |orig-year=1st pub. Confederate States. Cong.: 1861–1862 | title=Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. Volume I |url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofcongres00conf#page/690/mode/2up |version=58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234 |location=Washington |publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |page=691 |lccn=05012700 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
| event2                 = Occupied by [[United States|U.S.]]
| date_event2            = July 8, 1862<ref>{{cite book |author=United States. War Dept. |date=1883 |title=The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. Series 1 – Volume 9 |url=http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;idno=waro0009;q1=Steele;node=waro0009%3A6;view=image;seq=734;size=100;page=root |location=Washington |publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |page=722 |via=[[Cornell University Library]]}}</ref>
| event_end              = [[Conclusion of the American Civil War#Trans-Mississippi Department (May 26, 1865)|Surrender of C.S. {{nowrap|Trans-Mississippi}} Department]]
| year_end               = 1865
| date_end               = May 26,
| p1                     = New Mexico Territory
| flag_p1                = US flag 34 stars.svg
| s1                     = Arizona Territory
| flag_s1                = US flag 35 stars.svg
| s2                     = New Mexico Territory
| flag_s2                = US flag 34 stars.svg
| today                  = [[United States]]
* [[Arizona]]
* [[New Mexico]]
}}
{{Campaignbox Battles in Confederate Arizona}}
{{Confederate states in the American Civil War}}
The '''Arizona Territory''', [[Colloquialism|colloquially]] referred to as '''Confederate Arizona''', was an [[Constitution of the Confederate States|organized incorporated territory]] of the [[Confederate States of America]] that existed from August 1, 1861, to May 26, 1865, when the [[Confederate States Army]] [[Trans-Mississippi Department]], commanded by General [[Edmund Kirby Smith]], [[conclusion of the American Civil War|surrendered]] at [[Shreveport, Louisiana]]. However, after the [[Battle of Glorieta Pass]], the Confederates had to retreat from the territory, and by July 1862, effective Confederate control of the territory had ended.
Delegates to the secession convention had voted in March 1861 to secede from the [[New Mexico Territory]] and the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]], and seek to join the Confederacy. It consisted of the portion of the [[New Mexico Territory]] south of the [[34th parallel north|34th parallel]], including parts of the modern states of [[New Mexico]] and [[Arizona]]. The capital was [[Mesilla, New Mexico|Mesilla]], along the southern border. The breakaway region overlapped [[Arizona Territory]], established by the [[Federal government of the United States|Union government]] in February 1863.

Arizona was proclaimed a Confederate territory on August 1, 1861, after Colonel [[John R. Baylor]]'s victory at the [[First Battle of Mesilla|Battle of Mesilla]]. His hold on the area was broken after Glorieta Pass (March 26–28, 1862), the defining battle of the [[New Mexico Campaign]]. In July 1862, the Confederate territorial government withdrew to [[El Paso, Texas]]. With the approach of [[Union Army|Union troops]], it relocated to [[San Antonio]], where it remained for the duration of the civil war. The territory continued to be represented in the [[Confederate States Congress]], and Confederate troops continued to fight under the Arizona banner until the war ended.

The political geography of the two Arizona Territories differed in that the Confederate Arizona was approximately the southern half of the historic New Mexico Territory, while the Union-defined Arizona Territory was approximately the western half of what had been New Mexico Territory, which became the basis for present-day Arizona.