Editing Constantine IV (section)

{{Short description|Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Constantine IV
| image        = Constantine IV mosaic.png
| caption      = Constantine IV, mosaic in basilica of [[Sant'Apollinare in Classe]], [[Ravenna]].
| succession   = [[Byzantine emperor]]
| reign        = September 668 – July 685
| coronation   = 13 April 654
| cor-type     = [[Coronation of the Byzantine emperor|Coronation]]
| predecessor  = [[Constans II]]
| reg-type     = {{nowrap|Co-emperors}}
| regent       = {{plainlist|
*[[Constans II]] (654–668)
*[[Heraclius (son of Constans II)|Heraclius]] (659–681)
*[[Tiberius (son of Constans II)|Tiberius]] (659–681)}}
| successor    = [[Justinian II]]
| spouse       = [[Anastasia, wife of Constantine IV|Anastasia]]
| issue        = {{plainlist|
* [[Justinian II]]
* [[Heraclius (son of Constantine IV)|Heraclius]]}}
| regnal name  = {{langx|la|[[Imperator]] [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]] [[Flavia (gens)|Flavius]] Constantinus [[Augustus (title)|Augustus]]}}<br/>{{langx|el|[[Autokrator|Αὐτοκράτωρ]] καῖσαρ Φλάβιος Κωνσταντῖνος αὐγουστος}}{{efn|Constantine and his wife used at least two seals on which his name was rendered as {{Smallcaps|Constantinos Constantos}}.{{Sfn|Laurent|1939|p=359}}{{Sfn|Settipani|2006|p=119}} The name Constantus may have been a [[patronymic|patronym]], as some modern day historians translate ''Constantinus Constantus'' as "Constantine, son of [[Constans II|Constans]]".<ref>{{cite book |editor1 = Academia Republicii Populare Romîne |editor2 = Academia Republicii Socialiste România |year = 1981 |title = Revue roumaine d'histoire: Volume 20 |publisher = Editions de l'Académie de la République socialiste de Roumanie |page = 626 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2M9BAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> At least two documents refer to him as "[[Autokrator]] [[Flavia gens|Phlabios]] Konstantinos" (Αὐτοκράτωρ Φλάβιος Κωνσταντῖνος), following the old imperial formula.<ref>{{cite book | last = Rösch | first = Gerhard | title = Onoma Basileias| language = de | publisher = VÖAW| year = 1978 | isbn = 978-3-7001-0260-1 |page=170}}</ref>}}
| dynasty      = [[Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty|Heraclian]]
| father       = [[Constans II]]
| mother       = [[Fausta (wife of Constans II)|Fausta]]
| religion     = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]]
| venerated_in = 
| birth_date   = {{c.|lk=no}} 650
| birth_place  = [[Constantinople]]<br />(now [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]])
| death_date   = 10 July 685 (aged ≈35)
| death_place  = Constantinople
| place of burial = [[Church of the Holy Apostles]], [[Constantinople]]|
| title        = [[List of Byzantine Emperors|Emperor of the Romans]]
}}
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
|name            = Constantine the New
|birth_date      =
|death_date      =
|feast_day       = [[September 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)|3 September]]
|venerated_in    = [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]<ref name=PRAVOSLAVIE/>
|image           = 
|image_size      = 
|caption         = 
|birth_place     =
|death_place     =
|titles          = [[Right-Believing|Holy and Right-Believing]] [[Roman emperor|Emperor of the Romans]]
|beatified_date  =
|beatified_place =
|beatified_by    =
|canonized_date  = 
|canonized_place =
|canonized_by    =
|attributes      = Imperial attire
|major_shrine    = [[Church of the Holy Apostles]]
|issues          =
|prayer          =
|prayer_attrib   =
}}
{{Heraclian dynasty}}

'''Constantine IV''' ({{langx|el|Κωνσταντῖνος|Kōnstantīnos|Constantinus}}); {{circa}} 650 – 10 July 685), called '''the Younger''' ({{langx|el|ὁ νέος|ho Néos}})<ref>{{harvp|Zuckerman|1995}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Grumel|1968}}</ref> and often incorrectly '''the Bearded''' ({{langx|el|Πωγωνᾶτος|Pōgōnãtos}}) out of confusion with [[Constans II|his father]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooks |first=E. W. |date=1908-01-01 |title=Who was Constantine Pogonatus? |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/byzs.1908.17.2.460/html |journal=[[Byzantinische Zeitschrift]] |language=de |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=460–462 |doi=10.1515/byzs.1908.17.2.460 |issn=1864-449X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{efn|The nickname appears prominently in older scholarship, following the chronicles of [[Symeon Logothete]], [[George Kedrenos|Kedrenos]] and [[Joannes Zonaras|Zonaras]]. This confusion arises from the convoluted nomenclature of the Heraclians: [[Heraclius]] ({{reign}} 610–641) named his sons [[Heraclonas|Heraclius]] ("Heraclonas") and [[Heraclius Constantine]] ("Constantine&nbsp;III"), who had in turn a son also named Heraclius Constantine ("[[Constans&nbsp;II]]"). The emperor [[Constantine&nbsp;VII]] ({{reign}} 945–959), despite having access to all official documents, uses the name "Constantine Pogonatus" to both Constans II and Constantine IV in different occasions, apparently confusing them.{{Sfn|Settipani|2006|p=119-122}}}} was [[Byzantine emperor]] from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly 50 years of uninterrupted [[Early Muslim conquests|Arab expansion]], most notably his [[Siege of Constantinople (674–678)|successful defence]] of [[Constantinople]], and the temporary stabilization of the Byzantine Empire after decades of war, defeats, and civil strife. His calling of the [[Sixth Ecumenical Council]] saw the end of the [[monothelitism]] controversy in the [[Byzantine Empire]]; for this, he is venerated as a saint in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], with his feast day on [[September 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)|September 3]].<ref name=PRAVOSLAVIE>[http://orthochristian.com/calendar/{{#time:Y|-1year}}0903.html September 3/September 16]{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).</ref>