Editing Control Yuan (section)

{{Short description|Auditory branch of the Republic of China government}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name                 = Control Yuan
| native_name_a        = {{lang|zh-TW|監察院}}
| native_name_r        =
| type                 = 
| seal                 = Emblem of Control Yuan (2021).svg
| seal_size            = 200px
| seal_caption         = Emblem of the Control Yuan
| seal_alt             = 
| image                = 
| image_size           = 
| image_caption        = 
| image_alt            = 
| formed               = {{unbulletedlist|{{start date and age|df=yes|1928|2|16}}<br>(pre-constitution)|{{start date and age|df=yes|1948|6|4}}<br>([[Constitution of the Republic of China|1947 Constitution]])|{{start date and age|df=yes|1993|2|1}}<br>([[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|1992 Constitution amendment]])}}
| preceding1           = Auditing Yuan
| dissolved            = 
| superseding1         = 
| agency_type          = 
| jurisdiction         = [[Taiwan]]
| status               = Parliamentary institution suspended since 1993
| headquarters         = [[Zhongzheng District]], [[Taipei]]
| coordinates          =
| employees            = 
| budget               = 
| chief1_name          = [[Chen Chu]]
| chief1_position      = [[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President of the Control Yuan]]
| chief2_name          = [[Lee Hung-chun]]
| chief2_position      = [[List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President of the Control Yuan]]
| keydocument1         = [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|Additional Articles]] and the original [[Constitution of the Republic of China]]
| website              = {{URL|https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/|www.cy.gov.tw}}
| footnotes            = 
| embed                = 
}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name               = Control Yuan
| native_name        = {{lang|zh-TW|監察院}}
|background_color = #00008B
|text_color = #FFFFFF
| native_name_lang   = 
| transcription_name = 
| legislature        = 
| coa_pic            = 
| coa_res            = 
| coa_alt            = 
| coa_caption        = 
| logo_pic           = 
| logo_res           = 
| logo_alt           = 
| logo_caption       = 
| house_type         = [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|Upper house]] 
| body               = 
| jurisdiction       = 
| houses             = 
| term_limits        = 
| foundation         = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1948|06|04}}
| disbanded          = {{End date and age|df=yes|1993|02|01}}
| preceded_by        = 
| succeeded_by       = 
| new_session        = 
| leader1_type       = 
| leader1            = 
| party1             = 
| election1          = 
| leader2_type       = 
| leader2            = 
| party2             = 
| election2          = 
| leader3_type       = 
| leader3            = 
| party3             = 
| election3          = 
| leader4_type       = 
| leader4            = 
| party4             = 
| election4          = 
| leader5_type       = 
| leader5            = 
| party5             = 
| election5          = 
| leader6_type       = 
| leader6            = 
| party6             = 
| election6          = 
| leader7_type       = 
| leader7            = 
| party7             = 
| election7          = 
| seats              = 178
| house1             = 
| house2             = 
| structure1         = 
| structure1_res     = 
| structure1_alt     = 
| structure2         = 
| structure2_res     = 
| structure2_alt     = 
| political_groups1  = 
| political_groups2  = 
| committees1        = 
| committees2        = 
| joint_committees   = 
| term_length        = 6 years
| authority          = [[Constitution of the Republic of China]]
| salary             = 
| seats1_title       = 
| seats1             = 
| seats2_title       = 
| seats2             = 
| seats3_title       = 
| seats3             = 
| seats4_title       = 
| seats4             = 
| seats5_title       = 
| seats5             = 
| seats6_title       = 
| seats6             = 
| seats7_title       = 
| seats7             = 
| seats8_title       = 
| seats8             = 
| voting_system1     = [[Indirect election]]
| voting_system2     = 
| first_election1    = 
| first_election2    = 
| first_election3    = 
| last_election1     = 
| last_election2     = 
| last_election3     = 
| next_election1     = 
| next_election2     = 
| next_election3     = 
| redistricting      = 
| motto              = 
| session_room       = Former Legislative Yuan & Control Yuan in Nanjing 2011-10.JPG
| session_res        = 300px
| session_alt        = 
| meeting_place      = Control Yuan Building, [[Nanjing|Nanking]] (1948-1950)<br>Control Yuan Building, [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan Province|Taiwan]]
| session_room2      = 
| session_res2       = 
| session_alt2       = 
| meeting_place2     = 
| website            = 
| constitution       = [[Constitution of the Republic of China]]
| footnotes          = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=
|piccap=Emblem of the Control Yuan used until 2021.
|picsize=200px
|t = 監察院
|s = 监察院
|bpmf = ㄐㄧㄢ ㄔㄚˊ ㄩㄢˋ 
|w=Chien<sup>1</sup>-ch'a<sup>2</sup> Yüan<sup>4</sup> 
|p=Jiānchá Yuàn 
|tp=Jianchá Yuàn 
|mps=Jiānchá Yuàn 
|gr=Jianchar Yuann
|tl=Kàm-tshat Īnn
|poj=Kàm-chhat Iⁿ
|h=Kam-chhat Yen
}}
{{Politics of Taiwan}}

The '''Control Yuan''' is the supervisory and [[Government performance auditing|auditory]] [[separation of powers|branch]] of the government of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]], both during its time in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|mainland China]] and [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Andrew |date=2009-08-23 |title=Taiwan's Leader Faces Anger Over Storm Response |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/world/asia/24taiwan.html |access-date=2020-08-16 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817072255/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/world/asia/24taiwan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Designed as a hybrid of [[auditor]] and [[ombudsman]] by [[Law of Taiwan|Taiwanese law]], the Control Yuan holds the following powers:<ref name="Additional">See Additional Articles of the Constitution art. 7, available at {{Cite web|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000002|title=Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan)|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814234310/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000002|url-status=live}}</ref>

* ''[[Impeachment]]'': The Control Yuan has the power to impeach government officials. Successfully impeached cases then go to the Disciplinary Court of the [[Judicial Yuan]] for adjudication.<ref>{{cite act |date=20 May 2015 |article=23 |legislature=[[Legislative Yuan]] |title=公務員懲戒法 |trans-title=Public Functionary Disciplinary Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=A0030155 |language=zh }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309012706/https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0030155 |date=9 March 2021 }}</ref> Impeachment of the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] and the [[Vice President of the Republic of China|Vice President of the Republic]] follows a different procedure and does not go through the Control Yuan.
* ''Censure'': The Control Yuan also has the power to censure a government official. The censure is sent to the official's superior officer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censure |url=https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/cp.aspx?n=242 |publisher=The Control Yuan of the Republic of China |access-date=10 June 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609062204/https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/cp.aspx?n=242 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Government performance auditing|Audit]]'': The [[Executive Yuan]] ([[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]]) presents the annual budget to the Control Yuan each year for audit.
*''Corrective Measures'': The Control Yuan, after investigating the work and facilities of the Executive Yuan and its subordinate organs, may propose corrective measures to the Executive Yuan or its subordinate organs for improvement after these measures are examined and approved by the relevant committees.

According to the current [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|Constitution]], the Control Yuan shall consist of 29 members. One member shall be the [[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President]] of the Control Yuan, and another shall be the [[List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President]]. All members, including the President and Vice President of Control Yuan, shall be nominated by the [[President of Taiwan|President of the Republic]] and approved by [[Legislative Yuan]] (the parliament of [[Taiwan]]). Members serve with a term limit of six years.

Prior to constitutional reforms in the 1990s, the Control Yuan, along with [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] (electoral college) and the [[Legislative Yuan]] (lower house) formed the national [[Tricameralism|tricameral]] parliament. It functioned similarly to an [[upper house]] of a bicameral legislature, though it formed its own separate branch and was indirectly elected by provincial or municipal legislatures with 178 senators elected.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Herbert H. P. |title=Chinese Control Yuan: An Independent Supervisory Organ of the State |journal=Washington University Law Review |date=1963 |volume=1963 |issue=4 |page=26 |url=https://wustllawreview.org/volumes/49/issues/4/articles/1/ |access-date=2021-04-01 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421114138/https://wustllawreview.org/volumes/49/issues/4/articles/1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>