Editing Controlled Substances Act (section)

{{Short description|United States drug-regulating law}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{tone|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| shorttitle = Controlled Substances Act
| longtitle = An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act and other laws to provide increased research into, and prevention of, drug abuse and drug dependence; to provide for treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers and drug dependent persons; and to strengthen existing law enforcement authority in the field of drug abuse.
| colloquialacronym = CSA
| enacted by = 91st
| effective date = May 1, 1971
| public law url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-84/pdf/STATUTE-84-Pg1236.pdf
| cite public law = 91-513
| cite statutes at large = {{usstat|84|1236}} ''a.k.a.'' 84 Stat. 1242
| acts amended =
| title amended   = [[Title 21 of the United States Code|21 U.S.C.: Food and Drugs]]
| sections created = {{Usc-title-chap|21|13}} § 801 et seq.
| sections amended =
| leghisturl      =
| introducedin    = House
| introducedbill  = {{USBill|91|H.R.|18583}}
| introducedby    = [[Harley O. Staggers]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]–[[West Virginia|WV]])
| introduceddate  = September 10, 1970
| committees      = [[United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce|Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee]] and [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]]
| passedbody1     = House
| passeddate1     = September 24, 1970
| passedvote1     = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/91-1970/h355 341–6]
| passedbody2     = Senate
| passedas2       = <!-- used if the second body changes the name of the legislation -->
| passeddate2     = October 7, 1970
| passedvote2     = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/91-1970/s584 54–0]
| conferencedate  = October 13, 1970
| passedbody3     = House
| passeddate3     = October 14, 1970
| passedvote3     = passed
| agreedbody3     = <!-- used when the other body agrees without going into committee -->
| agreeddate3     = <!-- used when the other body agrees without going into committee -->
| agreedvote3     = <!-- used when the other body agrees without going into committee -->
| agreedbody4     = <!-- used if agreedbody3 further amends legislation -->
| agreeddate4     = <!-- used if agreedbody3 further amends legislation -->
| agreedvote4     = <!-- used if agreedbody3 further amends legislation -->
| passedbody4     = Senate
| passeddate4     = October 14, 1970
| passedvote4     = passed
| signedpresident = [[Richard Nixon]]
| signeddate      = October 27, 1970
| amendments      = [[Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Prevention Act of 2000]]
| SCOTUS cases    = {{ubl|''[[United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative]]'', {{ussc|532|483|2001}}|''[[Gonzales v. Raich]]'', {{ussc|545|1|2005}}|''[[Gonzales v. Oregon]]'', {{ussc|546|243|2006}}|''[[Burrage v. United States]]'', {{ussc|571|204|2014}}|''[[McFadden v. United States]]'', {{ussc|docket=14-378|volume=576|year=2015}}|''[[Ruan v. United States]]'', {{ussc|docket=20-1410|volume=597|year=2022}}}}
}}
{{US drug laws}}

The '''Controlled Substances Act''' ('''CSA''') is the statute establishing [[federal government of the United States|federal]] [[drug policy of the United States|U.S. drug policy]] under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated. It was passed by the [[91st United States Congress]] as Title II of the [[Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970]] and signed into law by President [[Richard Nixon]].<ref>{{USStatute|91|513|84|1236|1970|10|27}}, codified at {{usc|21|801}} et. seq.</ref> The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]].

The legislation created five schedules (classifications), with varying qualifications for a substance to be included in each. Two federal agencies, the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) and the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), determine which substances are added to or removed from the various schedules, although the statute passed by Congress created the initial listing. Congress has sometimes scheduled other substances through legislation such as the [[Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Prevention Act of 2000]], which placed [[gamma hydroxybutyrate]] (GHB) in Schedule I and [[sodium oxybate]] (the isolated sodium salt in GHB) in [[Schedule III controlled substance|Schedule III]] when used under an FDA [[New Drug Application]] (NDA) or [[Investigational New Drug]] (IND).<ref>{{cite web|title=2000 - Addition of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid to Schedule I|url=https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2000/fr0313.htm|publisher=US Department of Justice via the Federal Register|date=March 13, 2000|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501154805/https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2000/fr0313.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=William J. Clinton: Statement on Signing the Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Drug Prohibition Act of 2000|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=58098|date=February 18, 2000}}</ref> Classification decisions are required to be made on criteria including potential for abuse (an undefined term),<ref name=":1" /> currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and international treaties.