Editing Corneal transplantation (section)

{{Short description|Surgical procedure of repairing corneal tissue to treat corneal blindness}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox interventions |
  Name        = Corneal transplantation |
  Image       = Cornea transplant.jpg |
  Caption     = Cornea transplant approximately one week after surgery. Multiple light reflections indicate folds in the cornea, which were later resolved.|
  ICD10       = |
  ICD9        = {{ICD9proc|11.6}} |
  MeshID      = D016039 |
  MedlinePlus = 003008 |
  OPS301      = |
  synonyms = Corneal grafting|
}}
'''Corneal transplantation''', also known as '''corneal grafting''', is a [[surgical procedure]] where a damaged or diseased [[cornea]] is replaced by [[Corneal button|donated corneal tissue]] (the graft). When the entire cornea is replaced it is  known as '''penetrating keratoplasty''' and when only part of the cornea is replaced it is known as '''lamellar keratoplasty'''. Keratoplasty simply means surgery to the cornea. The graft is taken from a recently deceased individual with no known diseases or other factors that may affect the chance of survival of the donated tissue or the health of the recipient.

The cornea is the [[transparency (optics)|transparent]] front part of the [[human eye|eye]] that covers the [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]], [[pupil]] and [[anterior chamber]]. The surgical procedure is performed by [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmologists]], physicians who specialize in eyes, and is often done on an [[outpatient]] basis. Donors can be of any age, as is shown in the case of [[Janis Babson]], who donated her eyes after dying at the age of 10.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 1961|title=Janis Babson|url=http://organdonorhalloffame.org/Janis_Babson.html|url-status=live|access-date=6 January 2022|website=organdonorhalloffame|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302074145/http://www.organdonorhalloffame.org:80/Janis_Babson.html |archive-date=2 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 February 2014|title=The influence of Janis Babson can be felt by many physicians|url=https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/02/influence-janis-babson-felt-physicians.html|url-status=live|access-date=6 January 2022|website=KevinMD.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307134901/http://www.kevinmd.com:80/blog/2014/02/influence-janis-babson-felt-physicians.html |archive-date=7 March 2014 }}</ref> Corneal transplantation is performed when medicines, [[keratoconus]] conservative surgery and cross-linking can no longer heal the [[cornea]].

This surgical procedure usually treats corneal blindness,<ref>{{Citation|last1=Maghsoudlou|first1=Panayiotis|title=Cornea Transplantation|date=31 July 2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539690/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=30969512|access-date=6 January 2022|last2=Sood|first2=Gitanjli|last3=Akhondi|first3=Hossein}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wong|first1=Kah Hie|last2=Kam|first2=Ka Wai|last3=Chen|first3=Li Jia|last4=Young|first4=Alvin L.|date=18 July 2017|title=Corneal blindness and current major treatment concern-graft scarcity|journal=International Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=10|issue=7|pages=1154–1162|doi=10.18240/ijo.2017.07.21|issn=2222-3959|pmc=5514281|pmid=28730122}}</ref> with success rates of at least 41% as of 2021.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Holland|first1=Gráinne|last2=Pandit|first2=Abhay|last3=Sánchez-Abella|first3=Laura|last4=Haiek|first4=Andrea|last5=Loinaz|first5=Iraida|last6=Dupin|first6=Damien|last7=Gonzalez|first7=Maria|last8=Larra|first8=Eva|last9=Bidaguren|first9=Aritz|last10=Lagali|first10=Neil|last11=Moloney|first11=Elizabeth B.|date=12 November 2021|title=Artificial Cornea: Past, Current, and Future Directions|journal=Frontiers in Medicine|volume=8|pages=2145|doi=10.3389/fmed.2021.770780|pmid=34869489|pmc=8632951|issn=2296-858X|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Armitage|first1=W. John|last2=Goodchild|first2=Christine|last3=Griffin|first3=Matthew D.|last4=Gunn|first4=David J.|last5=Hjortdal|first5=Jesper|last6=Lohan|first6=Paul|last7=Murphy|first7=Conor C.|last8=Pleyer|first8=Uwe|last9=Ritter|first9=Thomas|last10=Tole|first10=Derek M.|last11=Vabres|first11=Bertrand|date=19 November 2019|title=High-risk Corneal Transplantation: Recent Developments and Future Possibilities|journal=Transplantation|volume=103|issue=12|pages=2468–2478|doi=10.1097/TP.0000000000002938|issn=0041-1337|pmc=6867666|pmid=31765363}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Reinprayoon|first1=Usanee|last2=Srihatrai|first2=Parinya|last3=Satitpitakul|first3=Vannarut|last4=Puangsricharern|first4=Vilavun|last5=Wungcharoen|first5=Thitima|last6=Kasetsuwan|first6=Ngamjit|date=18 October 2021|title=Survival Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Corneal Transplantation: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital|journal=Clinical Ophthalmology|volume=15|pages=4189–4199|doi=10.2147/OPTH.S336986|issn=1177-5467|pmc=8536876|pmid=34703206 |doi-access=free }}</ref>