Editing Corsican language (section)

{{short description|Italo-Dalmatian language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Corsican
| nativename       = {{lang|co|corsu}}, {{lang|co|lingua corsa}}
| ethnicity        = [[Corsicans]]
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|co|ˈkorsu|}}
| states           = {{ubl|[[France]]|[[Italy]]}}
| region           = {{ubl|[[Corsica]]|[[Sardinia]] (<small>[[Maddalena archipelago]]</small>)}}
| speakers         = 150,000 in [[Corsica]]<!--data only supports 1 sig fig-->
| date             = 2013
| ref              = e23
| speakers2        = 
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3             = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4             = [[Latin]]
| fam5             = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam6             = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
| fam7             = [[Italo-Dalmatian languages|Italo-Dalmatian]]
| fam8             = [[Italo-Dalmatian languages#Italo-Romance|Italo-Romance]]
| fam9             = [[Tuscan dialect|Tuscan]]
| dia1             = [[#Northern Corsican|Northern Corsican]]
| dia2             = [[#Southern Corsican|Southern Corsican]]
| dia3             = [[Gallurese]]{{efn|name=fn1|Gallurese and Sassarese are sometimes considered separate languages spoken by minority groups with distinct identity.}}
| dia4             = [[Sassarese language|Sassarese]]{{efn|name=fn1}}
| dia5             = [[#Transitional area|Central Corsican]]
| dia6             = [[Capraiese (semi-Corsican dialect)]]{{extinct}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
| dia7             = [[Castellanese]]
| script           = [[Latin script]] ([[Corsican alphabet]])
| minority         = [[Corsica]]
| agency           = ''No official regulation''
| iso1             = co
| iso2             = cos
| lc1              = cos
| ld1              = Corsican
| lc2              = 
| ld2              = 
| lc3              = 
| ld3              = 
| lingua           = 51-AAA-p
| glotto           = cors1241
| glottoname       = Corsican
| glottorefname    = 
| glotto2          = sass1235
| glottoname2      = Sassarese Sardinian
| glottorefname2   = 
| map              = Parlers de Corse.jpg
| mapcaption       = Linguistic map of Corsica
| map2             = Lang Status 60-DE.svg
| mapcaption2      = {{center|{{small|Corsican is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}}
| notice           = IPA
}}

'''Corsican''' ({{lang|co|corsu}}, {{IPA|co|ˈkorsu|pron}}, or {{lang|co|lingua corsa}}, {{IPA|co|ˈliŋɡwa ˈɡorsa|pron}}) is a [[Romance languages|Romance language]] consisting of the [[Dialect continuum|continuum]] of the [[Tuscan dialect|Tuscan]] [[Italo-Dalmatian languages|Italo-Dalmatian]] dialects spoken on the [[Mediterranean]] island of [[Corsica]], a [[Single territorial collectivity|territory of France]], and in the northern regions of the island of [[Sardinia]], an [[Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute|autonomous region of Italy]].

Corsica is situated approximately 123.9&nbsp;km (77.0 miles; 66 [[nautical mile]]s) off the western coast of [[Tuscany]]; and with historical connections, the Corsican language is considered a part of [[Tuscan dialect|Tuscan varieties]], from that part of the [[Italian peninsula]], and thus is closely related to [[Florentine dialect|Florentine]]-based [[Italian language|standard Italian]].

Under the long-standing influence of Tuscany's [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]], and the historic [[Republic of Genoa]], over Corsica, the Corsican language once filled the role of a [[vernacular]], with Italian functioning as the island's official language until France acquired the island from the Republic of Genoa (1768); by 1859, French had replaced Italian as Corsica's first language so much so that, by the time of the [[Liberation of France]] (1945), nearly every islander had at least a working-knowledge of French. The 20th century saw a vast [[language shift]], with the islanders adapting and changing their communications to the extent that there were no [[Monolingualism|monolingual]] Corsican-speakers left by the 1960s. By 1995, an estimated 65% of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-340.html|title=UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger|publisher=UNESCO|url-status=dead|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011042825/http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-340.html}}</ref> and a minority of around 10% used Corsican as a first language.<ref name="cif">{{cite web|title=Corsican in France|url=http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/homean/index1.html|publisher=Euromosaic|access-date=2008-06-13}} To access the data, click on List by languages, Corsican, Corsican in France, then scroll to ''Geographical and language background''.</ref>