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Cranham
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{{Short description| A residential area of East London, England}} {{About||the Cranham in the Cotswolds|Cranham, Gloucestershire|the hymn tune by Gustav Holst|In the Bleak Midwinter}} {{Use British English|date=August 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} {{Infobox UK place | country = England | official_name = Cranham | coordinates = {{coord|51.561978|0.268006|display=inline,title}} | london_borough = Havering | region = London | constituency_westminster = [[Hornchurch and Upminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornchurch and Upminster]] | post_town = UPMINSTER | postcode_area = RM | postcode_district = RM14 | dial_code = 01708 | os_grid_reference = TQ575875 | population = | population_ref = | charingX_distance_mi = 17.5 | charingX_direction = WSW | static_image_name = All Saints Church, Cranham - geograph.org.uk - 147590.jpg | static_image_caption = All Saints' Church, Cranham }} '''Cranham''' is a residential area of east [[London]], and part of the [[London Borough of Havering]].<ref name=east_plan>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/planning/srdf/docs/east-srdf.pdf |title=The London Plan: East London Sub Regional Development Framework |publisher=[[Greater London Authority]] |author=Mayor of London |date=May 2006 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604093935/http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/planning/srdf/docs/east-srdf.pdf |archive-date=4 June 2011 |author-link=Mayor of London }}</ref><ref name=hidden>{{cite web | title=Cranham | website=Hidden London | url=https://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/cranham/ | access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> It is located {{convert|17.5|mi|km|0}} east-northeast of [[Charing Cross]] and comprises an extensive built-up area to the north and a low density [[conservation area]] to the south surrounded by open land.<ref name="conservation drury"/> It was historically a rural village in the county of [[Essex]] and formed an ancient parish.<ref name="parishes cranham">{{cite book | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42823 | publisher=[[British History Online]] | title=Parishes: Cranham, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7 |series= [[Victoria County History]] | year=1978 | author=Powell, W.R. (Edr.) | access-date= 23 February 2010}}</ref> It is peripheral to London, forming the eastern edge of the [[urban sprawl]]. The economic history of Cranham is characterised by a shift from agriculture to housing development.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Cranham significantly increased in population,<ref name="vision pop"/> becoming part of [[Hornchurch Urban District]] in 1934 and has formed part of [[Greater London]] since 1965.<ref name="vision parish"/> The 2011 Census population of Cranham was included in Upminster.
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