Editing Croatia (section)

{{Short description|Country in Central and Southeast Europe}}
{{other uses}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Croatia
| common_name            = Croatia
| native_name            = {{native name|hr|Republika Hrvatska}}{{efn|In the recognised [[minority languages of Croatia]] and the most spoken second languages:
:* {{langx|cs|Chorvatská republika}}
:* {{langx|de|Republik Kroatien}}
:* {{langx|fr|République de Croatie}}
:* {{langx|hu|Horvát Köztársaság}}
:* {{langx|it|Repubblica di Croazia}}
:* {{langx|rue|Републіка Хорватія}}
:* {{langx|sr|Република Хрватска}}
:* {{langx|sk|Chorvátska republika}}
:* {{langx|sl|Republika Hrvaška}}
:* {{langx|uk|Респу́бліка Хорва́тія}}
}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Croatia.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
| coa_size               = 70
| anthem                 = "[[Lijepa naša domovino]]"<br />("Our Beautiful Homeland")<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Lijepa nasa domovino instrumental.ogg|center]]</div>
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|frameless]]|upright=1.15|Show globe|[[File:EU-Croatia.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe|default=1}}
| map_caption            = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green}}
| capital                = [[Zagreb]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|45|48|47|N|15|58|39|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| official_languages     = [[Croatian language|Croatian]]{{efn|Apart from Croatian, [[Regions of Croatia|counties]] have [[Minority languages of Croatia|official regional languages]] that are used for official government business and commercially. The most notable minority languages in Croatia are [[Italian language in Croatia|Italian]], [[Serbian language in Croatia|Serbian]] and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]. Other recognized minority languages include: [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], [[German language|German]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Romani language|Romani]].}}
| languages_type         = [[Writing system]]
| languages              = [[Latin alphabet|Latin]]{{efn|The writing system of Croatia is legally [[Croatian language#Official status|protected by the Croatian Parliament]].}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{Unbulleted list |91.6% [[Croats]] |3.2% [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]]
|5.2% [[Demographics of Croatia|others]]}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2021
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
|{{Tree list}}
*87.4% [[Christianity]]
**79.0% [[Catholic Church in Croatia|Catholicism]]
**3.3% [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia|Orthodoxy]]
**5.1% other [[Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|6.4% [[Irreligion in Croatia|no religion]] |2.3% [[Religion in Croatia|other]] |3.9% undeclared<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/share-of-croats-in-croatia-increases-as-census-results-published/ | title=Share of Croats in Croatia increases as census results published | date=22 September 2022 }}</ref>}}
| religion_year          = 2021
| demonym                = {{hlist|[[Croat]]ian}}
| government_type        = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of Croatia|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Zoran Milanović]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Croatia|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2           = [[Andrej Plenković]]
| leader_title3          = [[Speaker of the Croatian Parliament|Speaker of the Parliament]]
| leader_name3           = [[Gordan Jandroković]]
| legislature            = [[Sabor]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Croatia|Establishment history]]
| established_event1     = [[Duchy of Croatia|Duchy]]
| established_date1      = 7th century
| established_event2     = [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom]]
| established_date2      = 925
| established_event3     = [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary]]
| established_date3      = 1102
| established_event4     = Joined [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Habsburg Monarchy]]
| established_date4      = 1 January 1527
| established_event5     = Secession from<br />[[Austria-Hungary]]
| established_date5      = 29 October 1918
| established_event6     = [[Creation of Yugoslavia]]
| established_date6      = 4 December 1918
| established_event7     = [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]] of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
| established_date7      = 9 May 1944
| established_event8     = [[Independence of Croatia|Declaration of independence]]
| established_date8      = 25 June 1991
| area_km2               = 56,561<ref name="Hrvatska-LZMK">{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/26390 |title=Hrvatska |trans-title=Croatia |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Lexicographic Institute Miroslav Krleža]] |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref>
| area_rank              = 124th
| area_sq_mi             = 21,851
| percent_water          = 1.09
| population_estimate    = {{decreaseNeutral}} 3,861,967<ref>{{cite web |url = https://podaci.dzs.hr/hr/|title = POPULATION ESTIMATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, 2023 |website = podaci.dzs.hr |date = 8 Sep 2023 |access-date = 1 July 2024}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| population_estimate_rank = 128th
| population_census      = {{decreaseNeutral}} 3,871,833<ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|M}}</ref>
| population_census_year = 2021
| population_census_rank = 128th
| population_density_km2 = 68.4
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_density_rank = 152nd
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $198.27&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEO.HR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/HRV |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Croatia) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=24 April 2025 |access-date=24 April 2025}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 79th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $51,442<ref name="IMFWEO.HR" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 39th
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $98.95&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEO.HR" />
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 74th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $25,674<ref name="IMFWEO.HR" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 47th
| Gini                   = 29.7
| Gini_year              = 2023
| Gini_change            = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.889
| HDI_rank               = 41st
| HDI_year               = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. -->
| HDI_change             = increase
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref>
| currency               = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])
| currency_code          = EUR
| time_zone              = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| time_zone_DST          = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Croatia|+385]]
| patron_saint           = [[St. Joseph]]<ref name="Hrvatski sabor - Povijest">{{cite web|url=http://www.sabor.hr/sv-josip-zastitnik-hrvatske-domovine|access-date=10 March 2018|title=Hrvatski sabor – Povijest|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306022924/http://www.sabor.hr/sv-josip-zastitnik-hrvatske-domovine|archive-date=6 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| cctld                  = {{vunblist| [[.hr]] and [[.eu]]}}
}}

'''Croatia''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Croatia.ogg|k|r|oʊ|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ə}}, {{respell|kroh|AY|shə}}; {{langx|hr|Hrvatska}}, {{IPA|hr|xř̩ʋaːtskaː|pron}}}} officially the '''Republic of Croatia''',{{efn|{{langx|hr|Republika Hrvatska|links=no}} {{pronunciation|Hr-Republika Hrvatska.oga|listen|help=no}}, IPA transcription of "''Republika Hrvatska''", {{IPA|hr|ˈrepǔblika ˈxř̩ʋaːtskaː|pron}}.}} is a country in [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Southeast Europe]], on the coast of the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It borders [[Slovenia]] to the northwest, [[Hungary]] to the northeast, [[Serbia]] to the east, [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Montenegro]] to the southeast, and shares a [[maritime border]] with [[Italy]] to the west. Its capital and largest city, [[Zagreb]], forms one of the country's [[Administrative divisions of Croatia|primary subdivisions]], with [[Counties of Croatia|twenty counties]]. Other major urban centers include [[Split, Croatia|Split]], [[Rijeka]] and [[Osijek]]. The country spans {{convert|56594|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=off}}, and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.

The [[Croats]] arrived in modern-day Croatia, then part of [[Illyria|Roman Illyria]], in the late 6th century. By the 7th century, they had organized the territory into [[Duchy of Croatia|two duchies]]. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke [[Branimir of Croatia|Branimir]]. [[Tomislav of Croatia|Tomislav]] became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|kingdom]]. During the succession crisis after the [[Trpimirović dynasty]] ended, Croatia [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|entered]] a [[personal union]] with [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] in 1102. In 1527, faced with [[Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War|Ottoman conquest]], the [[Croatian Parliament]] elected [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I of Austria]] to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs|State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs]], independent from the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918, it [[Creation of Yugoslavia|merged]] into the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. Following the Axis [[invasion of Yugoslavia]] in April 1941, most of Croatia was incorporated into a Nazi-installed puppet state, the [[Independent State of Croatia]]. A [[Croatian Partisans|resistance movement]] led to the creation of the [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. On 25 June 1991, Croatia [[Independence of Croatia|declared independence]], and the [[Croatian War of Independence|War of Independence]] was successfully fought over the next four years.

Croatia is a [[republic]] and has a [[parliamentary system]]. It is a member of the [[European Union]], the [[Eurozone]], the [[Schengen Area]], [[NATO]], the [[United Nations]], the [[Council of Europe]], the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], the [[World Trade Organization]], a founding member of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]], and is currently in the process of joining the [[OECD]]. An active participant in [[United Nations peacekeeping]], Croatia contributed troops to the [[International Security Assistance Force]] and was elected to fill a non-permanent seat on the [[United Nations Security Council]] in the [[2007 United Nations Security Council election|2008–2009 term]] for the first time.

Croatia is a [[developed country]] with an advanced [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April |title=IMF World Economic Outlook |access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref> [[Service (economics)|Service]], [[Secondary sector of the economy|industrial sectors]], and [[agriculture]] dominate the [[Economy of Croatia|economy]]. [[Tourism in Croatia|Tourism]] is a significant source of revenue for the country, with nearly 20 million tourist arrivals as of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croatia tourist arrivals 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/413226/number-of-arrivals-spent-in-short-stay-accommodation-in-croatia/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?locations=HR&most_recent_value_desc=true |title=International tourism, The World Bank |access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/top-countries-in-the-world |title=Condé Nast Traveler, Top Countries in the World |access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref> Since the 2000s, the [[Government of Croatia|Croatian government]] has heavily invested in infrastructure, especially [[Transport in Croatia|transport routes and facilities]] along the [[Pan-European corridors]]. Croatia has also positioned itself as a regional energy leader in the early 2020s and is contributing to the diversification of Europe's energy supply via its floating [[liquefied natural gas]] import terminal off [[Krk]] island, [[LNG Hrvatska]].<ref name="lng">{{cite news|url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-croatia/ |title=U.S. Department of State factsheet |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> Croatia provides [[Welfare spending|social security]], [[Healthcare in Croatia|universal health care]], and tuition-free [[Education in Croatia|primary and secondary education]] while supporting [[Culture of Croatia|culture]] through public institutions and corporate investments in [[Mass media in Croatia|media]] and [[Croatian literature|publishing]].