Editing Croatian Spring (section)

{{Short description|1967–1971 Yugoslavian political crisis}}
{{Featured article}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
|title = Croatian Spring
|partof=
|image = Večernji list 13DEC1971 SKH resignations.jpg
|alt = Photo of the top half of a Večernji list newspaper cover page
|caption = {{lang|hr|[[Večernji list]]}} issue of 13 December 1971 announcing the resignation of the SKH leadership with the title {{lang|hr|Jedinstvo na Titovoj liniji}}, {{lit|Unity in line with [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]]|Unity on Tito's terms|}}
|causes  =
* Level of financial contribution to the federal budget
* Perception of cultural and demographic threats to the [[Croats]] and the [[Croatian language]]
|goals   =
* Greater decentralisation of the Yugoslav [[federation]] and economic reforms
* Greater affirmation of the Croatian language and [[culture of Croatia]]
|methods =
* Power struggle within the [[League of Communists of Croatia|SKH]]
* Demonstrations (November 1971)
* Publication of [[Croatian orthography]], revision of textbooks
|place = [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|Croatia]], [[Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
|date = {{ubl|17 March 1967 – 1 December 1971|({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=3|day1=17|year1=1967|month2=12|day2=1|year2=1971}})}}
|result =
* Resignation of the reformist leadership of the SKH
* {{lang|hr|[[Matica hrvatska]]}} and {{lang|hr|[[Prosvjeta]]}} banned
* 200–300 prosecuted for [[political crime]]s, several thousand [[Administrative detention|detained without charge]], tens of thousands expelled from the SKH or demoted
|side1 =
* Reformist faction of the SKH
* {{lang|hr|[[Matica hrvatska]]}}
* Croatian Student Federation
|side2 =
* Conservative faction of the SKH
* [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia|SKJ]] (November–December 1971)
* {{lang|hr|[[Prosvjeta]]}}
* [[Praxis School]]
| leadfigures1     = {{ubl|[[Savka Dabčević-Kučar]]|[[Miko Tripalo]]|[[Pero Pirker]]|[[Dragutin Haramija]]|[[Petar Šegedin (writer)|Petar Šegedin]]|[[Vlado Gotovac]]|[[Šime Đodan]]|[[Marko Veselica]]|[[Franjo Tuđman]]|[[Ante Paradžik]]|[[Ivan Zvonimir Čičak]]}}
| leadfigures2     = {{ubl|{{ill|Miloš Žanko|hr||sr|Милош Жанко|sh||zh|米洛什·然科}}|[[Stipe Šuvar]]|[[Dušan Dragosavac]]|[[Jure Bilić]]|{{ill|Milutin Baltić|de|Milutin Baltić|ru|Балтич, Милутин|sr|Милутин_Балтић|su|Milutin Baltić|zh|米卢廷·巴尔蒂奇}}|From April 1971: [[Josip Broz Tito]]|From November 1971: [[Vladimir Bakarić]]}}
}}

The '''Croatian Spring''' ({{langx|hr|Hrvatsko proljeće}}), or '''Maspok''',{{efn|See notes on naming in [[#Legacy in the final decades of Yugoslavia]]}} was a political conflict that took place from 1967 to 1971 in the [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], at the time part of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. As one of six republics comprising Yugoslavia at the time, Croatia was ruled by the [[League of Communists of Croatia]] (SKH), nominally independent from the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] (SKJ), led by President [[Josip Broz Tito]]. The 1960s in Yugoslavia were marked by a series of reforms aimed at improving the economic situation in the country and increasingly politicised efforts by the leadership of the republics to protect the economic interests of their respective republics. As part of this, political conflict occurred in Croatia when reformers within the SKH, generally aligned with the Croatian cultural society {{lang|hr|[[Matica hrvatska]]}}, came into conflict with conservatives.

In the late 1960s, a variety of grievances were aired through {{lang|hr|Matica hrvatska}}, which were adopted in the early 1970s by a reformist faction of the SKH led by [[Savka Dabčević-Kučar]] and [[Miko Tripalo]]. The complaints initially concerned economic nationalism. The reformists wished to reduce transfers of [[hard currency]] to the federal government by companies based in Croatia. They later included political demands for increased autonomy and opposition to real or perceived overrepresentation of the [[Serbs of Croatia]] in the security services, politics, and in other fields within Croatia. A particular point of contention was the question of whether the Croatian language was distinct from [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]].

The Croatian Spring increased the popularity of figures from Croatia's past, such as the 19th century Croat politician and senior Austrian military officer, [[Josip Jelačić]], and the assassinated leader of the [[Croatian Peasant Party]], [[Stjepan Radić]], as well as an increase in patriotic songs, works of art, and other expressions of [[Croatian culture]]. Plans were made for increased representation of Croatia-related materials in the school curriculum, measures to address the overrepresentation of Serbs in key positions in Croatia and to amend the [[Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia|Constitution of Croatia]] to emphasise the nature of the republic as the national state of Croats. There were also demands for increased powers for the constituent republics at the expense of Yugoslavia's federal government. These issues increased tensions between [[Croats]] and the Serbs of Croatia, as well as between the reformist and conservative factions of the SKH.

While other republics, the SKJ, and Tito himself were not initially involved in the internal Croatian struggle, the increasing prominence of [[Croatian nationalism]] led Tito and the SKJ to intervene. Similar to reformers in other Yugoslav republics, the SKH leadership was compelled to resign. Nevertheless, their reforms were left intact and most demands of the ousted leadership were later adopted, ushering in a form of federalism that contributed to the subsequent [[breakup of Yugoslavia]].