Editing Crossed extensor reflex (section)

[[File:AnatomyTool Crossed extensor reflex.jpg|thumb|A diagram illustrating crossed extensor reflex.]]
The '''crossed extensor reflex''' or '''crossed extensor response''' or '''crossed extension reflex''' is a [[reflex]] in which the contralateral limb compensates for loss of support when the ipsilateral limb withdraws from [[Noxious stimulus|painful stimulus]] in a [[withdrawal reflex]].<ref name=VandenBos2015 />
During a withdrawal reflex, the [[flexor]]s in the withdrawing limb contract and the [[extensor]]s relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs as part of the crossed extensor reflex. To provide a more clear explanation, this opposite occurrence means one limb with perform flexion at the hip and knee with the extensors relaxed, while the other limb will perform extension at the hip and knee while flexors are relaxed.<ref name="sestta">{{cite book | last1 = Seeley | first1 = Rod | last2 = Stephens | first2 = Trent | author3 = Philip Tate | editor1-first = Deborah | editor1-last = Allen | title = Anatomy and Physiology | edition = 2 | year = 1992 | publisher = Mosby-Year Book, Inc | isbn = 0-8016-4832-7 | page = [https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00seel_1/page/405 405] | chapter = 13 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00seel_1/page/405 }}</ref>
Besides shifting the body weight to the other side, the reflex pathway is also associated with leg coordination when walking by flexing muscle on one side, while extending muscle on the other side.<ref name=VandenBos2015>{{cite book | editor-last1 = VandenBos | editor-first1 = Gary R | year = 2015 | title = "crossed-extension reflex" | edition = 2nd | work = APA dictionary of psychology | location = Washington, DC | publisher = American Psychological Association | isbn = 978-1-4338-1944-5 | pages = 268 | doi = 10.1037/14646-000 | quote =  a reflexive action by a contralateral limb to compensate for loss of support when the ipsilateral limb withdraws from a painful stimulus. The reflex, which helps shift the burden of body weight, is also associated with the coordination of legs in walking by flexing muscles on the left side when those on the right are extending, and vice versa. }}</ref>
This crossed extensor response is properly part of the withdrawal reflex.<ref>{{cite book | ref = {{harvid | Barrett et al | 2010 }} | last1 = Barrett | first1 = Kim E | last2 = Boitano | first2 = Scott | last3 = Barman | first3 = Susan M | last4 = Brooks | first4 = Heddwen L | title = Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology | year = 2010 | edition = 23rd | chapter = Chapter 9 - Reflexes | publisher = McGraw-Hill | isbn = 978-0-07-160567-0 | at = Polysynaptic Reflexes: the Withdrawal Reflex, pp. 163-164 }}</ref>

An example of this is when a person steps on a nail: The leg that is stepping on the nail pulls away, while the other leg takes the weight of the whole body.<ref name="soscad">{{cite book |last1=Solomon |last2=Schmidt |author3=Adragna |editor1-first=Field |editor1-last=Carol |title=Human Anatomy & physiology |edition=2 |year=1990 |publisher=Saunders College Publishing |isbn=0-03-011914-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/humananatomyphys00solo/page/470 470] |chapter=13 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/humananatomyphys00solo/page/470 }}</ref>

The crossed extensor reflex is contralateral, meaning the reflex occurs on the opposite side of the body from the stimulus.

To produce this reflex, branches of the afferent nerve fibers cross from the stimulated side of the body to the contralateral side of the spinal cord. There, they synapse with interneurons, which, in turn, excite or inhibit alpha motor neurons to the muscles of the contralateral limb.<ref name=Saladin2018-p497-498 />

In the ipsilateral leg (the one which steps on the nail), the flexors contract and the extensors relax to lift the leg from the ground. On the contralateral side (the one that bears all the weight), the flexors relax and the extensors contract to stiffen the leg since it must suddenly support the entire weight of the body. At the same time, signals travel up the spinal cord and cause contraction of the contralateral muscles of the hip and abdomen to shift the body’s center of gravity over the extended leg. To a large extent, the coordination of all these muscles and maintenance of equilibrium is mediated by the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.<ref name=Saladin2018-p497-498>{{harvp | Saladin | 2018 | loc = The Crossed Extension Reflex, pp. 497-498 }}</ref>