Editing Cryptococcus neoformans (section)

{{Short description|Soil fungus that can cause disease}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Cryptococcus neoformans using a light India ink staining preparation PHIL 3771 lores.jpg
| image_caption =Yeast state of ''Cryptococcus neoformans''
| genus = Cryptococcus (fungus)
| species = neoformans
| authority = (San Felice) [[Jean Paul Vuillemin|Vuill.]] (1901)
| synonyms = ''Saccharomyces neoformans'' <small>San Felice (1895)</small><br />
''Filobasidiella neoformans'' <small>Kwon-Chung (1975)</small>
}}

'''''Cryptococcus neoformans''''' is an [[bacterial capsule|encapsulated]] [[basidiomycetous]] [[yeast]]<ref name=Buchanan>{{Cite journal|title = What makes ''Cryptococcus neoformans'' a pathogen?| journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume = 4|issue = 1|pages = 71–83|doi = 10.3201/eid0401.980109|pmid = 9452400|pmc = 2627665|year = 1998|last1 = Buchanan|first1 = Kent|last2 = Murphy|first2 = J. W.}}</ref> belonging to the class [[Tremellomycetes]] and an [[obligate aerobe]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Importance of mitochondria in survival of ''Cryptococcus neoformans'' under low oxygen conditions and tolerance to Cobalt Chloride|journal = PLOS Pathogens|date = 2008-09-01|issn = 1553-7366|pmc = 2528940|pmid = 18802457|volume = 4|issue = 9|doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000155| first1 = Susham S.|last1 = Ingavale|first2 = Yun C.|last2 = Chang|first3 = Hyeseung|last3 = Lee|first4 = Carol M.|last4 = McClelland|first5 = Madeline L.|last5 = Leong|first6 = Kgung J.|last6 = Kwon-Chung|pages=e1000155 | doi-access=free }}</ref> that can live in both plants and animals. Its [[teleomorph]] is a filamentous [[fungus]], formerly referred to ''Filobasidiella neoformans''. In its yeast state, it is often found in [[bird]] excrement. It has remarkable genomic plasticity and genetic variability between its strains, making treatment of the disease it causes difficult.<ref name=":0" /> ''Cryptococcus neoformans'' [[cryptococcosis|causes disease]] primarily in [[immunocompromised]] hosts, such as HIV or cancer patients.<ref name=Buchanan/><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bahn|first1=Yong-Sun|last2=Sun|first2=Sheng|last3=Heitman|first3=Joseph|last4=Lin|first4=Xiaorong|date=2020-09-01|title=Microbe Profile: Cryptococcus neoformans species complex|journal=Microbiology|language=en|volume=166|issue=9|pages=797–799|doi=10.1099/mic.0.000973|doi-access=free |issn=1350-0872|pmc=7717486|pmid=32956032}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In addition it has been shown to cause disease in apparently immunocompetent hosts, especially in developed countries.